Estudo de confiabilidade entre avaliadores e análise fatorial da versão brasileira do Schedule for the Assessment of Insight: Expanded Version (SAI-E)

OBJECTIVES: The Schedule for the Assessment of Insight - Expanded Version consists of 11 items that encompass: awareness of having a mental illness, ability to rename psychotic phenomena as abnormal, and compliance with treatment. The objective of the study was to evaluate the inter-rater reliability and to study the factorial structure of the Brazilian version of the instrument. METHOD: The Brazilian version of the Schedule for the Assessment of Insight - Expanded Version was used for the assessment of insight of 109 psychotic inpatients, 60 of whom had the interview tape-recorded in order to be scored by an independent evaluator. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was adopted as the inter-rater reliability coefficient. In the factor analysis, principal components analysis and Varimax rotation were adopted. RESULTS: Inter-rater reliability coefficients from good to excellent were found for the individual items of the Schedule for the Assessment of Insight - Expanded Version with ICC values ranging from 0.54 to 0.82. Regarding the total score, inter-rater reliability was excellent, with ICC = 0.90. A factorial structure similar to the one obtained by the original version of the Schedule for the Assessment of Insight - Expanded Version was found, with 3 factors accounting for 71.72% of variance. CONCLUSION: In the Brazilian context, the Schedule for the Assessment of Insight - Expanded Version presented good inter-rater reliability and factorial structure compatible to the insight dimensions that are intended to be evaluated.OBJETIVOS: O Schedule for the Assessment of Insight - Expanded Version é constituído por 11 itens que abordam: reconhecimento de se ter um transtorno mental, capacidade de renomear fenômenos psicóticos como anormais e adesão ao tratamento. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a confiabilidade entre avaliadores e estudar a estrutura fatorial da versão brasileira do Schedule for the Assessment of Insight - Expanded Version. MÉTODO: A versão brasileira do Schedule for the Assessment of Insight - Expanded Version foi utilizada na avaliação de 109 pacientes psicóticos internados, dos quais 60 tiveram a entrevista gravada para atribuição de escores por avaliador independente. O coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (ICC) foi utilizado na avaliação da confiabilidade entre avaliadores. Para a análise fatorial foram adotadas análise de componentes principais e rotação varimax. RESULTADOS: A confiabilidade entre avaliadores para os itens do Schedule for the Assessment of Insight - Expanded Version encontrada esteve entre boa e excelente, com ICC variando de 0,54 a 0,82; para o escore total foi excelente, com ICC = 0,90. Uma estrutura fatorial semelhante à obtida para a versão original do Schedule for the Assessment of Insight - Expanded Version foi encontrada, com três fatores explicando 71,72% da variação. CONCLUSÃO: No contexto brasileiro, o Schedule for the Assessment of Insight - Expanded Version apresentou boa confiabilidade entre avaliadores e estrutura fatorial compatível com as dimensões do insight que pretende avaliar.35936

Demographics And Complaints Of University Students Who Sought Help At A Campus Mental Health Service Between 1987 And 2004.

Client characterization is an important step in evaluating the services offered by campus counseling and mental health centers and in their further planning and development. The objectives here were to describe reported complaints and demographics among students who sought counseling/mental healthcare at a Brazilian campus mental health service over a 17-year period and to compare these characteristics with those of the general university student body. Retrospective study at the Psychological and Psychiatric Service for Students (SAPPE), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp). The participants were all of the 2,194 students who sought counseling/mental health care at SAPPE from 1987 to 2004. Information was obtained from clients clinical charts. Unicamps database was consulted for general information on its students. The findings indicated overrepresentation, among the clients, of undergraduates, female students, students from Brazilian states other than São Paulo, students living in the campus residence hall and those whose main source of income was a scholarship grant. We also found overrepresentation of Humanities and Arts students among the clients. The most frequently reported complaints were difficulties in interpersonal relationships, family conflicts and poor academic performance. Course level (undergraduate or postgraduate), study field, living in a university residential facility and reliance on a scholarship grant were found to influence the behavior of seeking mental health counseling among Brazilian university students in this study. Course level was found to influence the pattern of complaints reported at first contact with the mental health service.12658-6

A qualitative analysis on what Brazilian psychiatrists expect from current diagnostic classifications

INTRODUCTION: The objective of the present study was to analyze the qualitative answers of an anonymous standardized survey including qualitative and quantitative questions about the Brazilian psychiatrists' perceptions on their use of the multiaxial diagnostic systems ICD-10 and DSM-IV and about their expectations regarding future revisions of these classifications (ICD-11 and DSM-V). METHODS: The questionnaire, elaborated by Graham Mellsop (New Zealand), was translated into Portuguese and sent through mail to 1,050 psychiatrists affiliated to the Brazilian Psychiatry Association. The quantitative analysis is presented elsewhere. RESULTS: One hundred and sixty questionnaires returned (15.2%). From these, 71.1% of the open questions where answered. The most needed and/or desirable qualities in a psychiatric classification were found to be: simplicity, clarity of criteria, objectivity, comprehensibility, reliability, and ease to use. Axis I of the ICD-10 was reported to be the most used due to its instrumental character in addition to being the official classification also for legal and bureaucratic purposes. The DSM-IV was also used in the everyday practice, mostly for education and research purposes, by psychiatrists with academic affiliations. The less frequent use of the multiaxial systems was explained by the lack of training and familiarity, the overload of information and by the fact they are not mandatory. Based on the respondents' answers, we concluded that some diagnostic categories must be revised, such as: mental retardation, eating disorders, personality disorders, sleeping disorders, child and adolescent disorders, affective, and schizoaffective disorders. CONCLUSION: This material offers a systematic overview of the psychiatrists' opinions and expectations concerning the diagnostic instruments used in their daily practice.INTRODUÇÃO: Pretende-se analisar o perfil de respostas qualitativas a um questionário padronizado anônimo, com itens abertos e fechados, sobre a percepção dos psiquiatras brasileiros acerca do uso dos sistemas diagnósticos multiaxiais CID-10 e DSM-IV e de suas expectativas quanto às próximas revisões (CID-11 e DSM-V). MÉTODO: O questionário, elaborado por Graham Mellsop (Nova Zelândia), foi traduzido e enviado para 1.050 psiquiatras afiliados à Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria. RESULTADOS: Retornaram 160 questionários (15,2%). Nestes, 71,1% das questões abertas foram respondidas. As principais qualidades julgadas necessárias ou desejadas em uma classificação psiquiátrica foram: simplicidade, clareza de critérios, objetividade, compreensibilidade, confiabilidade e facilidade de uso. O eixo I da CID-10 foi citado como o mais utilizado pelo caráter instrumental e pelo fato de ser a classificação oficial, inclusive para fins burocráticos e legais. O DSM-IV também é bastante utilizado no cotidiano, sobretudo para ensino e pesquisa, por psiquiatras com afiliações acadêmicas. O uso menos frequente de sistemas multiaxiais foi justificado pela falta de treino e de familiaridade, pela sobrecarga de informações e pelo fato de não serem obrigatórios. Avaliou-se que algumas categorias diagnósticas, entre outras, devem ser revistas, como: retardo mental, transtornos alimentares, de personalidade, do sono, da infância e adolescência, quadros ansiosos, afetivos, esquizoafetivos. CONCLUSÃO: O material fornece um panorama sobre as opiniões e expectativas dos psiquiatras a respeito dos instrumentos diagnósticos dos quais se servem ativamente em sua prática diária e cujas revisões estão em pleno processo de elaboração.11211

Assigning things to their proper class: taxonomic issues and trends in psychiatry

In this article the author examines some of the taxonomic challenges still facing diagnostic classification in psychiatry, especially those mentioned in Hempel’s important work entitled Fundamentals on Taxonomy. New trends in research and classification are also discussed

Sobre a distinção entre “critério” e “sintoma” na nosologia psiquiátrica

O contraste proposto por Wittgenstein entre os termos “sintoma” e “critério”, correlativo da distinção entre questões de fato (empíricas) e questões gramaticais (conceituais), é utilizado aqui com o propósito de iluminar certos aspectos nosológicos da psiquiatria no atual contexto das nosografias operacionais

Inter-rater reliability and factor analysis of the Brazilian version of the Schedule for the Assessment of Insight: Expanded Version (SAI-E) Estudo de confiabilidade entre avaliadores e análise fatorial da versão brasileira do Schedule for the Assessment of Insight: Expanded Version (SAI-E)

OBJECTIVES: The Schedule for the Assessment of Insight - Expanded Version consists of 11 items that encompass: awareness of having a mental illness, ability to rename psychotic phenomena as abnormal, and compliance with treatment. The objective of the study was to evaluate the inter-rater reliability and to study the factorial structure of the Brazilian version of the instrument. METHOD: The Brazilian version of the Schedule for the Assessment of Insight - Expanded Version was used for the assessment of insight of 109 psychotic inpatients, 60 of whom had the interview tape-recorded in order to be scored by an independent evaluator. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was adopted as the inter-rater reliability coefficient. In the factor analysis, principal components analysis and Varimax rotation were adopted. RESULTS: Inter-rater reliability coefficients from good to excellent were found for the individual items of the Schedule for the Assessment of Insight - Expanded Version with ICC values ranging from 0.54 to 0.82. Regarding the total score, inter-rater reliability was excellent, with ICC = 0.90. A factorial structure similar to the one obtained by the original version of the Schedule for the Assessment of Insight - Expanded Version was found, with 3 factors accounting for 71.72% of variance. CONCLUSION: In the Brazilian context, the Schedule for the Assessment of Insight - Expanded Version presented good inter-rater reliability and factorial structure compatible to the insight dimensions that are intended to be evaluated.OBJETIVOS: O Schedule for the Assessment of Insight - Expanded Version é constituído por 11 itens que abordam: reconhecimento de se ter um transtorno mental, capacidade de renomear fenômenos psicóticos como anormais e adesão ao tratamento. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a confiabilidade entre avaliadores e estudar a estrutura fatorial da versão brasileira do Schedule for the Assessment of Insight - Expanded Version. MÉTODO: A versão brasileira do Schedule for the Assessment of Insight - Expanded Version foi utilizada na avaliação de 109 pacientes psicóticos internados, dos quais 60 tiveram a entrevista gravada para atribuição de escores por avaliador independente. O coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (ICC) foi utilizado na avaliação da confiabilidade entre avaliadores. Para a análise fatorial foram adotadas análise de componentes principais e rotação varimax. RESULTADOS: A confiabilidade entre avaliadores para os itens do Schedule for the Assessment of Insight - Expanded Version encontrada esteve entre boa e excelente, com ICC variando de 0,54 a 0,82; para o escore total foi excelente, com ICC = 0,90. Uma estrutura fatorial semelhante à obtida para a versão original do Schedule for the Assessment of Insight - Expanded Version foi encontrada, com três fatores explicando 71,72% da variação. CONCLUSÃO: No contexto brasileiro, o Schedule for the Assessment of Insight - Expanded Version apresentou boa confiabilidade entre avaliadores e estrutura fatorial compatível com as dimensões do insight que pretende avaliar

Demographics and complaints of university students who sought help at a campus mental health service between 1987 and 2004

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Client characterization is an important step in evaluating the services offered by campus counseling and mental health centers and in their further planning and development. The objectives here were to describe reported complaints and demographics among students who sought counseling/mental healthcare at a Brazilian campus mental health service over a 17-year period and to compare these characteristics with those of the general university student body. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective study at the Psychological and Psychiatric Service for Students (SAPPE), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp). METHODS: The participants were all of the 2,194 students who sought counseling/mental health care at SAPPE from 1987 to 2004. Information was obtained from clients’ clinical charts. Unicamp’s database was consulted for general information on its students. RESULTS: The findings indicated overrepresentation, among the clients, of undergraduates, female students, students from Brazilian states other than São Paulo, students living in the campus residence hall and those whose main source of income was a scholarship grant. We also found overrepresentation of Humanities and Arts students among the clients. The most frequently reported complaints were difficulties in interpersonal relationships, family conflicts and poor academic performance. CONCLUSION: Course level (undergraduate or postgraduate), study field, living in a university residential facility and reliance on a scholarship grant were found to influence the behavior of seeking mental health counseling among Brazilian university students in this study. Course level was found to influence the pattern of complaints reported at first contact with the mental health service