Structural studies of T4S systems by electron microscopy

Abstract: Type IV secretion (T4S) systems are large dynamic nanomachines that transport DNA and/or proteins through the membranes of bacteria. Analysis of T4S system architecture is an extremely challenging task taking into account their multi protein organisation and lack of overall global symmetry. Nonetheless the last decade demonstrated an amazing progress achieved by X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy. In this review we present a structural analysis of this dynamic complex based on recent advances in biochemical, biophysical and structural studies

Developing, implementing and improving learning outcomes assessment in Qatar's public higher education

This study reports on the development and implementation of the Student Learning Outcomes Assessment process and the system implemented at Qatar University. This system consists of two phases, initiation and enhancement, with progressive and continuous improvement in the assessment efforts. The initial 2006-2011 findings suggest effective strategies that can be used to build and develop assessment culture and knowledge. This study is significant because it provides ways that other universities in the region can be engaged in building their quality assurance system and continuously improving student learning outcomes.qscienc