Some bis(dialkylphosphinyl) methanes as solvent extractants

An extensive review of some of the more important neutral organophosphorus compounds as solvent extractants was given. The compounds included were tri-n-butyl phosphate, TBP, tri-n-octylphosphine oxide, TOPO, tris (2 -ethylhexyl)phosphine oxide, TEHPO, and bis (di-n-hexylphosphinyl) methane, HDPM. A review was also given on the effects of structure on the extracting power of neutral organophosphorus compounds

Inner-complex compounds of alicyclic vic-dioximes

The need for a water-soluble vic-dioxime as an analytical reagent for nickel(II) and palladium(II) ions has long been evident. Thus, a preparation and investigation of some alicyclic vic-dioximes as possible water-soluble reagents was undertaken. Secondly, in order to obtain a better understanding of the structure of the inner-complex compounds that the vic-dioximes form with certain ions, an infrared spectroscopic study of the nature of the hydrogen bonds in these inner-complex compounds was made

Operation of a Small Tethered Payload

This paper presents results of a study currently being performed at Stanford University sponsored by NASA/Goddard Space Station Small Attached Payloads. The use of tethers as a means of dynamic isolation for small attached payloads shows promise in reducing orbital maneuvering vehicle requirements to service co-orbiting facilities while still providing a stable contamination-free platform for precision pointing instruments. Thethers may also be used as a means of deorbiting small sample return vehicles. These return vehicles might be dedicated small experiment carriers for a specific mission and require little manned interaction, or they might be loaded with experimental samples for de-orbit and reentry. Another application lies in electrodynamic tether research for ionospheric and vehicle charging and potential studies to continue the effort initiated with the Space Shuttle Tethered Satellite System. The study focuses on defining the issues and resource requirements for small tethered payloads. Areas highlighted include attachment and structural interfaces, communication and data handling facilities, power and electrical interfaces, and dynamics and proximity operations issues

Better Health, Better Lives? 10-Years on From the World Health Organization's Declaration on the Health of Children With Intellectual Disabilities.

It is now 10 years since the European Declaration on the Health of Children and Young People with Intellectual Disabilities and their Families: Better Health - Better Lives was adopted by the World Health Organization. Through discussions with key informants and an online literature review, we reflect on actions and progress made in line with this Declaration to improve the health and wellbeing of children with intellectual disabilities and their families. Despite finding positive examples of policy, legislation and practice in support of children with intellectual disabilities, there are clear gaps and areas for improvement. Countries must continue to take action, as supported by the World Health Organization and other such organisations, in order to support children with intellectual disabilities in realising their fundamental human rights

Estimating Sustainable Harvests Of Eastern Oysters, Crassostrea Virginica

Sustainability of a fishery is traditionally and typically considered achieved if the exploited population does not decline in numbers or biomass over time as a result of fishing relative to biological reference point goals. Oysters, however, exhibit atypical population dynamics compared with many other commercial species. The population dynamics often display extreme natural interannual variation in numbers and biomass, and oysters create their own habitat-the reef itself. With the worldwide decline of oyster reef habitat and the oyster fisheries dependent thereon, the maintenance of shell has received renewed attention as essential to population sustainability. We apply a shell budget model to estimate the sustainable catch of oysters on public oyster grounds in Louisiana using no net shell loss as a sustainability reference point. Oyster density and size are obtained from an annual stock assessment. The model simulates oyster growth and mortality, and natural shell loss. Shell mass is increased when oysters die in place, and is diminished when oysters are removed by fishing. The shell budget model has practical applications, such as identifying areas for closure, determining total allowable catch, managing shell planting and reef restoration, and achieving product certification for sustainability. The determination of sustainable yield by shell budget modeling should be broadly applicable to the eastern oyster across its entire range

SirT1 Gain of Function Increases Energy Efficiency and Prevents Diabetes in Mice

SummaryIn yeast, worms, and flies, an extra copy of the gene encoding the Sirtuin Sir2 increases metabolic efficiency, as does administration of polyphenols like resveratrol, thought to act through Sirtuins. But evidence that Sirtuin gain of function results in increased metabolic efficiency in mammals is limited. We generated transgenic mice with moderate overexpression of SirT1, designed to mimic the Sirtuin gain of function that improves metabolism in C. elegans. These mice exhibit normal insulin sensitivity but decreased food intake and locomotor activity, resulting in decreased energy expenditure. However, in various models of insulin resistance and diabetes, SirT1 transgenics display improved glucose tolerance due to decreased hepatic glucose production and increased adiponectin levels, without changes in body weight or composition. We conclude that SirT1 gain of function primes the organism for metabolic adaptation to insulin resistance, increasing hepatic insulin sensitivity and decreasing whole-body energy requirements. These findings have important implications for Sirtuin-based therapies in humans