New developments in the representation of Saharan dust sources in the aerosol–climate model ECHAM6-HAM2

In the aerosol–climate model ECHAM6-HAM2, dust source activation (DSA) observations from Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) satellite are proposed to replace the original source area parameterization over the Sahara Desert. The new setup is tested in nudged simulations for the period 2007 to 2008. The evaluation is based on comparisons to dust emission events inferred from MSG dust index imagery, Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) sun photometer observations, and satellite retrievals of aerosol optical thickness (AOT).<br><br>The model results agree well with AERONET measurements especially in terms of seasonal variability, and a good spatial correlation was found between model results and MSG-SEVIRI (Spinning-Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager) dust AOT as well as Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) AOT. ECHAM6-HAM2 computes a more realistic geographical distribution and up to 20 % higher annual Saharan dust emissions, using the MSG-based source map. The representation of dust AOT is partly improved in the southern Sahara and Sahel. In addition, the spatial variability is increased towards a better agreement with observations depending on the season. Thus, using the MSG DSA map can help to circumvent the issue of uncertain soil input parameters.<br><br>An important issue remains the need to improve the model representation of moist convection and stable nighttime conditions. Compared to sub-daily DSA information from MSG-SEVIRI and results from a regional model, ECHAM6-HAM2 notably underestimates the important fraction of morning dust events by the breakdown of the nocturnal low-level jet, while a major contribution is from afternoon-to-evening emissions

Superspace Geometrical Representations of Extended Super Virasoro Algebras

Utilizing sets of super-vector fields (derivations), explicit expressions are obtained for; (a.) the 1D, N-extended superconformal algebra, (b.) the 1D, N-extended super Virasoro algebra for N = 1, 2 and 4 and (c.) a geometrical realization (GR) covering algebra that contains the super Virasoro algebra for arbitrary values of N. By use of such vector fileds, the super Virasoro algebra is embedded as a geometrical and model-independent structure in 1D and 2D Aleph-null-extended superspace.Comment: 13 pages, Late

Foreign Personal Representatives

In dealing with the legal rules affecting foreign personal representatives, the author of the present monograph is to be commended for the lucid analysis in the following pages of the principal questions that an executor or administrator appointed in one state will encounter in the administration of a single estate on a multi-jurisdictional basis: his right to sue and liability to suit in other states, the effects of his extra-legal action outside the state of his appointment, and the possibilities of reforming existing laws so as to make feasible a system of single administration of decedents\u27 estates. This analysis is preceded in the first chapter by a useful historical and comparative survey, summarizing the basic differences between the Civil Law system of universal succession and the Anglo-American system of divided administration and suggesting that the latter, as derived from the practice in the ecclesiastical courts, is in a sense an historical accident. Doubtless, the principle of the latter system that the management of a single mass of property should be divided, for official purposes, among as many jurisdictions as there may be in which property is found, owes its durability to the dispersion of authority in the field of private law within the United States and in the international sphere. But the principle is a source of practical difficulty that has inspired the important exceptions that have had to be introduced to secure a reasonable measure of adjustment in settling estates in a world governed by many territorial sovereigns. It is to the author\u27s credit that he has not limited himself to careful consideration of these improvisations but has also constructively contemplated the needs of modern life that argue for the development of a unified system to administer estates that pass on death. This is a subject that obviously concerns every lawyer and everyone else.https://repository.law.umich.edu/michigan_legal_studies/1016/thumbnail.jp

Foreign Personal Representatives

In dealing with the legal rules affecting foreign personal representatives, the author of the present monograph is to be commended for the lucid analysis in the following pages of the principal questions that an executor or administrator appointed in one state will encounter in the administration of a single estate on a multi-jurisdictional basis: his right to sue and liability to suit in other states, the effects of his extra-legal action outside the state of his appointment, and the possibilities of reforming existing laws so as to make feasible a system of single administration of decedents\u27 estates. This analysis is preceded in the first chapter by a useful historical and comparative survey, summarizing the basic differences between the Civil Law system of universal succession and the Anglo-American system of divided administration and suggesting that the latter, as derived from the practice in the ecclesiastical courts, is in a sense an historical accident. Doubtless, the principle of the latter system that the management of a single mass of property should be divided, for official purposes, among as many jurisdictions as there may be in which property is found, owes its durability to the dispersion of authority in the field of private law within the United States and in the international sphere. But the principle is a source of practical difficulty that has inspired the important exceptions that have had to be introduced to secure a reasonable measure of adjustment in settling estates in a world governed by many territorial sovereigns. It is to the author\u27s credit that he has not limited himself to careful consideration of these improvisations but has also constructively contemplated the needs of modern life that argue for the development of a unified system to administer estates that pass on death. This is a subject that obviously concerns every lawyer and everyone else.https://repository.law.umich.edu/michigan_legal_studies/1016/thumbnail.jp

The correlates of computer use and academic achievement among college students from low income backgrounds

The following is a mixed method research study that explores the correlates between computer use and academic achievement among low-income college students at James Madison University. A sample of 42 sophomore, junior and senior students served as participants in this study. All participants were members of the university’s Centennial Scholars Program, an initiative created by the university in 2004 to give high school students from low-income backgrounds the opportunity to go to college on full-tuition scholarship. Using a theoretical framework that incorporated situated cognition theory (Brown, Duguid & Collins, 1989), communities of practice (Wenger, 1998) and the digital divide (Attewell, 2001) the research conducted explored how students from low-income backgrounds engaged with computers for academic and non-academic purposes and how this engagement relates to academic achievement (GPA). Quantitative research returned evidence that a correlation exists between academic achievement and social networking for academic purposes among this population, while qualitative research further explored how this population engaged with computer for academic and non-academic purposes

Ethnobotany of the Cherokee Indians

In September, 1951, a study of the Ethnobotany of the Cherokee Indians was suggested to the writer as the subject for his Master of Science thesis at the University of Tennessee, by Dr. Aaron J. Sharp. The idea met with immediate enthusiasm for a number of reasons. The reserch [sic] involved in such a study would necessarily deal with people as well as plants, thus combining the writer\u27s greatest interests. The project would also afford an excellent opportunity to work in close contact with a bontanically [sic] rich area, thus enabling the writer to strengthen his knowledge of nature. Work on the problem did not actually begin until some seven months later. In the intervening period, however, preparatory work was undertaken. The writer enrolled in Anthropology courses at the aforementioned institution. Herein were gleaned concepts which helped in the gathering of factual data, suggested same of the dynamics of the culture under onservation [sic], rounded the discussions appearing in the appendix and aided immeasurably in the writer\u27s understanding of the Cherokee Indians

The United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit: A Personal Perspective

Symposium - The Role of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit in the Civil Rights Movemen

Investigation of trailing-edge-flap, spanwise-blowing concepts on an advanced fighter configuration

The aerodynamic effects of spanwise blowing on the trailing edge flap of an advanced fighter aircraft configuration were determined in the 4 by 7 Meter Tunnel. A series of tests were conducted with variations in spanwise-blowing vector angle, nozzle exit area, nozzle location, thrust coefficient, and flap deflection in order to determine a superior configuration for both an underwing cascade concept and an overwing port concept. This screening phase of the testing was conducted at a nominal approach angle of attack from 12 deg to 16 deg; and then the superior configurations were tested over a more complete angle of attack range from 0 deg to 20 deg at tunnel free stream dynamic pressures from 20 to 40 lbf/sq ft at thrust coefficients from 0 to 2