Effects of exercise on physical fitness and blood factors of addicted persons who have quitted drugs for two months.

BANITALEBI, E.; FARAMARZI, M.; NURI, R.; KHOSROZADEH, J.; GHAFOORIAN, M. Effect of exercise training on health-related physical fitness factors and blood lipids profile of former addicted persons. Brazilian Journal of Biomotricity, v. 4, n. 3, p. 190-197, 2010. Dysfunctional eating patterns and excessive weight gains have been observed during recovery from drug and alcohol addictions. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of exercise training on health-related physical fitness factors and blood lipids profile of former addicted persons. Thirty seven males who were 23-49 years old, and had one-year quitting history were selected and randomized (exercise group, n= 18 and control, n= 19). Thirty eight individuals completed the entire study; 16 persons were in exercise group and 15 persons were in control group. Exercise training was consisted primarily of some game-based aerobic exercise. Exercise training duration progressed from 20 minutes at the baseline to 45 minutes at the end of weeks 12th, and intensity of exercise progressed from 50% of heart rate reserve of baseline to 70 % at 12 weeks. Weight, BMI and WHR were measured. Muscle endurance, flexibility and Vo2Peak were measured using by pull up, Sit -and -Rich test and one-mile Rockport walk test, respectively. Body composition was assessed using the sum of three skin-fold measurement specific for males (chest, abdomen, and tight). Total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) were measured enzymatically using diagnostic Pars kits. All variables were measured at baseline. Data analyzed by using ANCOVA analysis. There were no significant differences in weight (p=0.208), BMI (P=0.2631), CT (P=0.428), HDL (0.833), LDL (0.396), VLDL (P=0.169), TG (P=0.283), Vo2peak (p=0.884), flexibility (P=0.923) and Pull-up (P=0.44) after 12 weeks exercise training between two groups, but there was significant difference in WHR (p=0.044). It appears that, exercise training can prevent weight gain after quitting drugs and substances

Effects of β -hydroxy- β -methylbutyrate on kidney parameters and body composition in untrained males after 8 weeks combination resistance training

زمینه و هدف: مطالعات علمی دقیق در مورد بی خطر بودن بتاهیدروکسی بتامتیلبوتیرات (HMB) در انسان تاکنون انجام نشده است و تنها مطالعات اندکی در مورد تاثیر این مکمل بر شاخص های مرتبط با سلامت در حیوانات انجام شده است. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی تاثیر 8 هفته تمرین مقاومتی به همراه مصرف مکمل بتا- هیدروکسی بتا- متیل بوتیرات (HMB) بر شاخص های کارکرد کلیوی و ترکیب بدنی مردان غیر ورزشکار انجام شد. روش بررسی: در این کارآزمایی بالینی 24 دانشجوی پسر غیر ورزشکار انتخاب و به صورت تصادفی به دو گروه کنترل (دارو نما، 14نفر) و تجربی (مکمل، 10 نفر) تقسیم شدند. هر دو گروه 8 هفته تمرین مقاومتی را به صورت 3 جلسه در هفته، اجرا کردند. از آزمودنی ها یک روز قبل و 2 روز بعد از برنامه تمرینی، نمونه خون و ادرار در حالت ناشتا گرفته شد و برای تمام نمونه ها اوره و کراتینین اندازه گیری و میزان فیلتراسیون گلومرولی نیز محاسبه گردید. ترکیب بدنی، وزن آزمودنی ها و قدرت بالا تنه و پایین تنه اندازه گیری شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها با استفاده از آزمون های آماری t زوجی و t مستقل انجام گرفت. یافته ها: گروه مکمل افزایش معنادار در توده خالص بدنی (002/0P=) و کاهش معناداری در توده چربی بدن (006/0P=) داشت. همچنین، مکمل سبب کاهش معنادار غلظت ازت اوره ادرار (036/0P=) شد ولی تاثیر معناداری بر غلظت ازت اوره خون، کراتینین خون، کراتینین ادرار و میزان فیلتراسیون گلومرولی نداشت. نتیجه گیری: مصرف مکمل بتا- هیدروکسی بتا- متیل بوتیرات باعث افزایش توده خالص بدنی و قدرت یک تکرار بیشینه و کاهش چربی بدن در افراد غیر ورزشکار می شود. ولی تاثیر زیان آوری بر عملکرد کلیوی در مدت مصرف شده در این مطالعه ندارد

The effect of endurance training intensity on the expression of perlipin-A protein of visceral adipose tissue, serum glucose and insulin levels in STZ-induced diabetic rats

Background and aims: Changes in the expression of lipid droplet adipocyte proteins, such as prelipipin A (PLINA) cause alter lipolysis and insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to compare the three endurance training intensities (low, moderate and high) on the expression of PLINA protein in visceral adipose tissue, serum glucose and insulin levels in male diabetic Wistar rats. Methods: 40 male Wistar rats were assigned to five groups (n=8) including diabetic group with low intensity endurance training, moderate intensity group, high intensity group, diabetic and healthy control groups. After induction of diabetic rats by injection of streptozotocin, endurance training was performed with different intensities for eight weeks, three sessions per week. The relative expression of PLINA protein was measured by western blot technique. One-way variance analysis and Tukey's post hoc test were used to determine the difference between the groups. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between PLINA levels in healthy and diabetic control groups with endurance training groups (with low, moderate and high intensity) (P=0.018). These differences were between low intensity training and healthy control groups (P=0.033) and between diabetic and healthy control groups (P=0.020). Serum glucose and insulin levels were significantly different between the diabetic control and endurance training groups (low, moderate and high) (P=0.001). This difference was between high-intensity training group with low intensity training (P=0.046), diabetic control (P=0.001) and healthy control (P=0.011) groups. Conclusion: Moderate and high intensity endurance training can compensate for the loss caused by diabetes in the expression of the PLINA protein and reduces serum levels of insulin and glucose in these mice. It seems that more intensity endurance training leads to more increase in PLINA expression in diabetic rats

Compact Optimization Algorithms with Re-sampled Inheritance

The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version.Compact optimization algorithms are a class of Estimation of Distribution Algorithms (EDAs) characterized by extremely limited memory requirements (hence they are called \compact"). As all EDAs, compact algorithms build and update a probabilistic model of the distribution of solutions within the search space, as opposed to population-based algorithms that instead make use of an explicit population of solutions. In addition to that, to keep their memory consumption low, compact algorithms purposely employ simple probabilistic models that can be described with a small number of parameters. Despite their simplicity, compact algorithms have shown good performances on a broad range of benchmark functions and real-world problems. However, compact algorithms also come with some drawbacks, i.e. they tend to premature convergence and show poorer performance on non-separable problems. To overcome these limitations, here we investigate a possible algorithmic scheme obtained by combining compact algorithms with a non-disruptive restart mechanism taken from the literature, named Re-Sampled Inheritance (RI). The resulting compact algorithms with RI are tested on the CEC 2014 benchmark functions. The numerical results show on the one hand that the use of RI consistently enhances the performances of compact algorithms, still keeping a limited usage of memory. On the other hand, our experiments show that among the tested algorithms, the best performance is obtained by compact Differential Evolution with RI

Comparing the effects of intense sprint and combined aerobic-strength training on serum adiponectin level and insulin resistance among the women with type 2 diabetes

Background: Regular physical exercise is a well-established therapeutic option to prevent the diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of intense interval training (SIT (and combined aerobic-strength training on serum adiponectin level and insulin resistance in women with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: Female patients with type 2 diabetic (n=52, age: 45-60 years, BMI=25-30 kg/m2 and FBS≥126 mg/dl) were assessed for eligibility. Participants were assigned to SIT group (N=17(, Combined training group (N=17 (and Control group (N=18 ( according to their HbA1c levels. The exercises were included 8 weeks of combined (resistance plus aerobic (training and SIT. The FBS, serum insulin and adiponectin levels were also measured. Results: There were a significant difference between the pre-/post-test in serum adiponectin in SIT group )P=0.01(. However, there was no significant difference between the pre-/post- test in serum adiponectin level in Combined training group (P=0.939(. The insulin resistance in SIT and the Combined training groups were significantly reduced after the exercise program (P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). Differences for the FBS was significant in the SIT group (P<0.001(. The results of the comparison between groups showed a significant difference between the training groups in the adiponectin level (P=0.037(. and insulin resistance (P=0.008(. Conclusions: Training exercise, independent of the type and method, can have positive effects on insulin resistance and serum adiponectin level in women with typeII two diabetes

The Comparison of Two Methods of Exercise (intense interval training and concurrent resistance- endurance training) on Fasting Sugar, Insulin and Insulin Resistance in Women with Mellitus Diabetes

Background & aim: Exercise is an important component of health and an integral approach to the management of diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of intense interval training and concurrent resistance- endurance training on fasting sugar, insulin and insulin resistance in women with mellitus diabetes. &nbsp; Methods: Fifty-two overweight female diabetic type 2 patients (aged 45-60 years old with fasting blood glucose&ge; 126 mg/dl) were selected to participate in the present study. Participants were assigned to intense interval training group (N=17), concurrent resistance- endurance training group (N=17) and control group (N=18). The exercises incorporated 10 weeks of concurrent resistance- endurance training and intense interval training. Fasting blood sugar, serum insulin concentrations levels were measured. Concurrent training group trained eight weeks, three times a week of endurance training at 60% of maximum heart rate (MHR) and two resistance training sessions per week with 70% of one repetition maximum (1-RM). Intense interval training group trained for eight weeks, three sessions per week for 4 to 10 repeats Wingate test on the ergometer 30s performed with maximum effort. The control group did no systematic exercise. At the end of experiment 42 subjects were succeed and completed the study period, and 10 subjects were removed due to illness and absence in the exercise sessions. Fasting blood sugar and insulin levels 24 hours before and 48 hours after the last training session was measured. &nbsp; Results: The findings indicated that in periodic fasting, the blood sugar in intensive training group had a marked decrease (p= 0.000) however, the fasting blood sugar of exercise and power stamina groups reduced significantly (p=0.062). The results showed no significant difference between the groups (171/0 p =0.171). Fasting insulin (p <0.001) and insulin resistance (0001/0 = p=0.001) in periodic intensive training group were significantly reduced after the exercise program. The results between groups indicated a marked difference in fasting insulin (p=0.036) and insulin resistance (p=0.008) respectively. &nbsp; Conclusions: Concurrent resistance- endurance training and the intensive training could have a positive effects on blood sugar levels, insulin and insulin resistance of women with diabetes mellitus. &nbsp

Comparison of Two Intensities of Aerobic Training (low intensity and High Intensity) on Expression of Perlipin 2 Skeletal Muscle, Serum Glucose and Insulin levels in Streptozotocin-Diabetic Rats

Abstract &nbsp; Background & aim: Lipid metabolism disorder plays an important role in insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and lipid drop proteins such as perlipine 2 (PLIN2) are effective in regulating intracellular fat metabolism. One of the suggested pathways for the effects of endurance activity in metabolic diseases is the effect of physical activity on intramuscular. Therefore, the purpose of this study was compare the intensity of aerobic exercise intensity (low intensity and high intensity) on expression of PLIN2 skeletal muscle, serum glucose and insulin levels in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. &nbsp; Methods: In this experimental study, 24 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups of 8, including two intervention groups (low intensity endurance training group and high intensity continuous exercise group) and one control group. After induction of diabetic rats by injection streptozotocin (55 mg / kg body weight), Intraperitoneally, endurance training was applied for eight weeks, three sessions per week in diabetic rats. Exercise intensity in the low-intensity group was equal to 5-8 m / min (equivalent to 50-60% Vo2max), the intensity of training in a high intensity training group was equivalent to a speed of 22-25 m / min (equivalent to 80% Vo2max) and the control group did not receive intervene in this time. Relative protein expression of PLIN2 was performed using western blot technique. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test. &nbsp; Results: The results of the intergroup comparison revealed a significant difference among three groups in the PLIN2 variables (p = 0.037). The results of post hoc test showed a significant increase in PLIN2 in high intensity training diabetic group compared to the control group (p = 0.033) However, there was no significant difference in PLIN2 level in the low exercise group compared to the control group (p = 0.18). Also, there was no significant difference between the low intensity and high intensity training groups (p = 0.66). Serum glucose and insulin levels were significantly different between diabetic control groups and low intensity and high intensity training (p = 0.001). This difference was between the high intensity training group with low intensity group (p = 0.04, p = 0.01), diabetes control (p = 0.001, p = 0/000), respectively. &nbsp; Conclusion: Regarding the results of the study, modulation effects of high intensity endurance exercises on increasing the expression of PLIN2 in diabetic specimens were noted. &nbsp

A new algorithm for gravity compensation of a 3-UPU parallel manipulator

This paper presents a new approach for gravity compensation of a 3-UPU parallel manipulator. The conventional method of computing the effect of gravity force on the end-effector works properly for serial manipulators. However, employing Newton-Euler approach for the parallel robots is computationally expensive and it cannot satisfy the requirements in this work. In order to overcome this difficulty, the new algorithm based on Lagrengian method is proposed. This model is established based on total potential energy of the system as a scalar value and, the position of the end-effector. This paper presents this new algorithm which is more efficient in sense of computation and more proper for Real-Time purposes in parallel robots