Havbruksnæringen og koronapandemien

Norsk havbruksnæring har siden starten på 1970-tallet hatt en kontinuerlig vekst og utvikling. Norsk atlantisk laks har en stor etterspørsel i det globale markedet. I dag er næringen Norges nest største eksportnæring. Det aller meste som havbruksnæringen produserer blir eksportert ut av landet. Bransjen er derfor avhengig av sine utenlandske kunder. Det store spørsmålet er hvordan havbruksnæringen vil håndtere en global pandemi, hvor flere av de store kundene blir berørt av koronapandemien. Denne oppgaven undersøker hvordan bransjen tilpasset seg koronapandemien med å benytte seg av to anerkjente teoretiske perspektiver som er dominerende innen strategilitteraturen. Egenskapen fleksibilitet er sentral i oppgaven for å undersøke tilpasningsevnen til bransjen. Studien benytter i hovedsak en kvalitativ tilnærming med intervju for å samle inn data. Oppgaven har også benyttet kvantitativ metode, hvor tallbasert data er samlet inn. Funnene viser at ulike former for fleksibilitet er en viktig egenskap å ha under turbulente forhold. De mest sentrale funnene viste at KP førte til redusert pris på laksen og økte transportkostnader som førte til en nedgang lønnsomhet. Til tross for nedgangen i lønnsomhet, hadde bransjen relativt gode marginer i 2020 og 2021

Stakeholder analysis with regard to a recent European restriction proposal on microplastics

Stakeholder involvement is pivotal EU governance. In this paper, we complete a stakeholder analysis of the European Chemicals Agency's recent Annex XV restriction proposal process on intentionally added microplastics. The aim of this study is to map the interests, influence and importance of active stakeholders in order to understand the arguments being put forward by different stakeholders and provide recommendations to policy-makers on how to ensure a balanced consideration of all stakeholder perspectives. Stakeholders were identified through niche media analysis and by scrutinising comments from the public consultation on the restriction proposal. Their importance and influence were mapped using three approaches: "scale from low to high", "psychometric scale" and "qualitative ranking". We identified 205 different stakeholders out of which 77 were industry and trade associations, 25 were large companies and only four were small and medium-sized enterprises. National authorities and researchers did not comment on the restriction proposal, whilst large companies were very active providing comments. Industry trade associations and sports-related non-governmental organizations articulated anxiety about the costs associated with the implementation of the restriction proposal. Among environmental non-governmental organizations, there was consensus that plastics should be handled like other substances under EU's chemical regulation. Primary stakeholders identified exhibited high importance, but varying degrees of influence, while the opposite applied to the major European institutions. Based on our analysis, we recommend that: The European Chemicals Agency implement measures to include "silent" stakeholders and invite guest experts to participate in their committees on Risk Assessment and Socio-Economic Analysis; Researchers should be more active in the public consultation; and that special emphasis should be put on helping small and medium-sized enterprises. With regards to stakeholder consultation, we find that media analysis is a good supplement to stakeholder analysis and that a more objective top-down measure of stakeholder importance and influence is needed

The Pauli principle in a three-body cluster model and the momentum distributions after fragmentation of 6He and 11Li

We investigate two simple prescriptions to account for the Pauli principle in a three-body cluster model employing a new method based on an adiabatic hyperspherical expansion to solve the Faddeev equations in coordinate space. The resulting wave functions are computed and compared. They are furthermore tested on halo nuclei by calculations of momentum distributions and invariant mass spectra arising after fragmentation of fast $^6$He and $^{11}$Li in collisions with light targets. The prescriptions are very accurate and the available measured quantities are remarkably well reproduced when final state interactions are included.Comment: 18 pages, LaTex file, 15 postscript figures included using epsf.st