Measuring privacy compliance using fitness metrics

Nowadays, repurposing of personal data is a major privacy issue. Detection of data repurposing requires posteriori mechanisms able to determine how data have been processed. However, current a posteriori solutions for privacy compliance are often manual, leading infringements to remain undetected. In this paper, we propose a privacy compliance technique for detecting privacy infringements and measuring their severity. The approach quantifies infringements by considering a number of deviations from specifications (i.e., insertion, suppression, replacement, and re-ordering)

Safety and efficacy of prothrombin complex concentrate as first-line treatment in bleeding after cardiac surgery

BACKGROUND: Bleeding after cardiac surgery requiring surgical reexploration and blood component transfusion is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Although prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) has been used satisfactorily in bleeding disorders, studies on its efficacy and safety after cardiopulmonary bypass are limited. METHODS: Between January 2005 and December 2013, 3454 consecutive cardiac surgery patients were included in an observational study aimed at investigating the efficacy and safety of PCC as first-line coagulopathy treatment as a replacement for fresh frozen plasma (FFP). Starting in January 2012, PCC was introduced as solely first-line treatment for bleeding following cardiac surgery. RESULTS: After one-to-one propensity score-matched analysis, 225 pairs of patients receiving PCC (median dose 1500 IU) and FFP (median dose 2 U) were included. The use of PCC was associated with significantly decreased 24-h post-operative blood loss (836 ± 1226 vs. 935 ± 583 ml, p < 0.0001). Propensity score-adjusted multivariate analysis showed that PCC was associated with significantly lower risk of red blood cell (RBC) transfusions (odds ratio [OR] 0.50; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.31-0.80), decreased amount of RBC units (β unstandardised coefficient -1.42, 95 % CI -2.06 to -0.77) and decreased risk of transfusion of more than 2 RBC units (OR 0.53, 95 % CI 0.38-0.73). Patients receiving PCC had an increased risk of post-operative acute kidney injury (AKI) (OR 1.44, 95 % CI 1.02-2.05) and renal replacement therapy (OR 3.35, 95 % CI 1.13-9.90). Hospital mortality was unaffected by PCC (OR 1.51, 95 % CI 0.84-2.72). CONCLUSIONS: In the cardiac surgery setting, the use of PCC compared with FFP was associated with decreased post-operative blood loss and RBC transfusion requirements. However, PCC administration may be associated with a higher risk of post-operative AKI

From security-by-design to the identification of security-critical deviations in process executions

\u3cp\u3eSecurity-by-design is an emerging paradigm that aims to deal with security concerns from the early phases of the system development. Although this paradigm can provide theoretical guarantees that the designed system complies with the defined processes and security policies, in many application domains users are allowed to deviate from them to face unpredictable situations and emergencies. Some deviations can be harmless and, in some cases, necessary to ensure business continuity, whereas other deviations might threat central aspects of the system, such as its security. In this paper, we propose a tool supported method for the identification of security-critical deviations in process executions using compliance checking analysis. We implemented the approach as part of the STS-Tool and evaluated it using a real loan management process of a Dutch financial institute.\u3c/p\u3

Impact of ICT on Home Healthcare

Innovation in information and communication technology has a great potential to create large impact on modern healthcare. However, for the new technologies to be adopted, the innovations have to be meaningful and timely, taking into account user needs and addressing societal and ethical concerns. In this paper, we focus on ICT innovations related to home healthcare domain, in which patient safety and security, but also trust and privacy are of utmost importance. To ensure the adoption of new healthcare services, the new innovative technologies need to be complemented with new methods that can help patients to establish trust in healthcare service providers in terms of privacy, reliability, integrity of the data chain and techniques that help service providers to assess the reliability of information and data contributed by patients. This paper sketches various lines of research for the development of trusted healthcare services namely, patient compliance, reliability of information in healthcare, and user-friendly access control