The Two Poverties

There are at least two distinct and inconsistent views of poverty. These views, which can be called “poverty as desperation” and “poverty as vulnerability”, have different implications about anti-poverty policy. It is important to confront this conflict and to try to devise empirical stategies which will help us distinguish between these views.

Theories of Female Criminality: A criminological analysis

Female criminality is one of the important phenomena in popular media and also in academic discourse of contemporary scholastic arena like sociology, criminology, psychology and anthropology. The changing nature of female’s roles in capitalist system instigate female more to involve in violent and property crimes. The main intent of the study is to review the major theories of female criminality such as masculinization, opportunity, marginalization and chivalry. The authors also tried to shed light on the acceptability and validity of female criminality theories on female criminal activities. This study mainly relies on secondary sources. Data have been collected from journal articles, books, research reports, government documents and so on. Among the theories of masculinization, opportunity, marginalization and chivalry; marginalization theory is the most relevant and significant for analyzing causes of female criminality in contemporary third world societies. On the other hand, masculinities and opportunities theories are sometimes partially applicable to predict criminality of women in first world countries

Status of Handloom Workers and Causes of Their Migration: A Study in Handloom Industry of Tangail District, Bangladesh

Handloom industry is the biggest handicraft industry in our country; it is the second largest source of rural employment after agriculture. This industry is an increasingly essential element of economic, social development and it has become one of the largest economic industries in Bangladesh. Handllom industry in Tangail has a glorious history of its own. The “Tangail Sharee” of Bangladesh has a great popularity and reputation within and outside the country. But day by day the number of weavers of the industry is decreasing in alarming rate and the industry is becoming smaller over time. Here the study tries to identify the factors of declining handloom workers in Tangail and their main causes of migration to India. Mainly case studies and interview have been taken to collect the primary data. A lot of research papers, websites, journals, and articles have been reviewed to know the relevant information and describing the history and development of the industry. Factors like fear of communial violence, increased price of raw materials, absence of loan from government, insufficient transport facility, better facilities in India, lack of security has been identified for their rapid migration to india. Keywords: Handloom industry, weavers, Sharee, migratio

The Single Complete Denture – A Case Report.

The single complete denture is a complex prosthesis that requires a complete understanding of the basics of prosthetic rehabilitation of lost natural dentition. Several difficulties are encountered in providing a successful single complete denture treatment, the most common being repeated fracture of the prosthesis. An ideal solution to strengthen the single complete denture bases is to provide metal reinforcement by fabrication of metal based single complete denture. Another common problem in single complete denture is attrition of denture teeth while opposing natural dentition which can be taken care of by providing metal occlusals in single complete dentures. Metal occlusal surfaces preserve the established occlusion and prevent loss of vertical dimension. This case report describes the clinical management and step by step fabrication of single complete denture with metal denture base and metal occlusals in a patient with completely edentulous maxillary jaw and partially edentulous mandibular jaw.&nbsp

Efficient Delivery of Cell Impermeable Phosphopeptides by a Cyclic Peptide Amphiphile Containing Tryptophan and Arginine

Phosphopeptides are valuable reagent probes for studying protein–protein and protein–ligand interactions. The cellular delivery of phosphopeptides is challenging because of the presence of the negatively charged phosphate group. The cellular uptake of a number of fluorescent-labeled phosphopeptides, including F′-GpYLPQTV, F′-NEpYTARQ, F′-AEEEIYGEFEAKKKK, F′-PEpYLGLD, F′-pYVNVQN-NH2, and F′-GpYEEI (F′ = fluorescein), was evaluated in the presence or absence of a [WR]4, a cyclic peptide containing alternative arginine (R) and tryptophan (W) residues, in human leukemia cells (CCRF-CEM) after 2 h incubation using flow cytometry. [WR]4 improved significantly the cellular uptake of all phosphopeptides. PEpYLGLD is a sequence that mimics the pTyr1246 of ErbB2 that is responsible for binding to the Chk SH2 domain. The cellular uptake of F′-PEpYLGLD was enhanced dramatically by 27-fold in the presence of [WR]4 and was found to be time-dependent. Confocal microscopy of a mixture of F′-PEpYLGLD and [WR]4 in live cells exhibited intracellular localization and significantly higher cellular uptake compared to that of F′-PEpYLGLD alone. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and isothermal calorimetry (ITC) were used to study the interaction of PEpYLGLD and [WR]4. TEM results showed that the mixture of PEpYLGLD and [WR]4 formed noncircular nanosized structures with width and height of 125 and 60 nm, respectively. ITC binding studies confirmed the interaction between [WR]4 and PEpYLGLD. The binding isotherm curves, derived from sequential binding models, showed an exothermic interaction driven by entropy. These studies suggest that amphiphilic peptide [WR]4 can be used as a cellular delivery tool of cell-impermeable negatively charged phosphopeptides

Molecular hydrogen jets and outflows in the Serpens south filamentary cloud

We aimed to map the jets and outflows from the Serpens South star forming region and find an empirical relationship between the magnetic field and outflow orientation. Near-infrared H2 v=1-0 S(1) 2.122{\mu}m -line imaging of the \sim 30'-long filamentary shaped Serpens South star forming region was carried out. K s broadband imaging of the same region was used for continuum subraction. Candidate driving sources of the mapped jets/outflows are identified from the list of known protostars and young stars in this region, which was derived from studies using recent Spitzer and Herschel telescope observations. 14 Molecular Hydrogen emission-line objects(MHOs) are identified using our continuum-subtracted images. They are found to constitute ten individual flows. Out of these, nine flows are located in the lower-half(southern) part of the Serpens South filament, and one flow is located at the northern tip of the filament. Four flows are driven by well-identified Class 0 protostars, while the remaining six flows are driven by candidate protostars mostly in the Class I stage, based on the Spitzer and Herschel observations. The orientation of the outflows is systematically perpendicular to the direction of the near-infrared polarization vector, recently published in the literature. No significant correlation was observed between the orientation of the flows and the axis of the filamentary cloud.Comment: Accepted by A&A for publication. 7 pages, 5 figure

Self-Assembled Surfactant Cyclic Peptide Nanostructures as Stabilizing Agents

A number of cyclic peptides, including [FR]4, [FK]4, [WR]4, [CR]4, [AK]4, and [WK]n (n = 3-5) containing L-amino acids were synthesized using solid-phase peptide synthesis. We hypothesized that an optimal balance of hydrophobicity and charge could generate self-assembled nanostructures in aqueous solution by intramolecular and/or intermolecular interactions. Among all the designed peptides, [WR]n (n = 3-5) generated self-assembled vesicle-like nanostructures at room temperature as shown by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and/or Dynamic light scattering (DLS). This class of peptides represents the first report of surfactant-like cyclic peptides that self-assemble into nanostructures. A plausible mechanistic insight of self-assembly of [WR]5 was investigated by molecular modeling studies. Modified [WR]5 analogues, such as [WMeR]5. [WR(Me)2]5, [WMeR(Me)2]5,and [WdR]5 exhibited different morphologies than [WR]5 as shown by TEM observations. [WR]5 exhibited significant stabilizing effect for generated silver nanoparticles and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. These studies established a new class of surfactant-like cyclic peptides that self-assembled into nanostructures and could have potential applications for stabilizing of silver nanoparticles and protein biomolecules

Antibacterial activity of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves on Vibrio spp. isolated from cultured shrimp.

The use of antibiotics in aquaculture to treat infections has resulted in the development of resistant strains which have rendered antibiotic treatment ineffective. Therefore, alternative antibacterial materials must be found. Extracts of neem tree (Azadirachta indica) leaves were tested against Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus isolated from cultured shrimp. Aqueous extract of neem leaves did not produce any inhibitory zone while the neem juice produced inhibitory zone that showed linear relationship to the concentration of neem juice on both bacteria. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for V. parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus was 3.13 and 6.25%, respectively. The Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) for V. parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus was 12.50 and 25.00%, respectively. It is concluded that neem juice is an antibacterial agent and is useful for inhibition of vibrios in shrimp

Advanced glycation end products modulate amyloidogenic APP processing and Tau phosphorylation: a mechanistic link between glycation and the development of Alzheimer’s disease

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are implicated in the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), as they induce neurodegeneration following interaction with the receptor for AGE (RAGE). This study aimed to establish a mechanistic link between AGE-RAGE signaling and AD pathology. AGE-induced changes in the neuro2a proteome were monitored by SWATH-MS. Western blotting and cell-based reporter assays were used to investigate AGE-RAGE regulated APP processing and tau phosphorylation in primary cortical neurons. Selected protein expression was validated in brain samples affected by AD. The AGE-RAGE axis altered proteome included increased expression of cathepsin B and asparagine endopeptidase (AEP), which mediated an increase in Aβ_1–42 formation and tau phosphorylation, respectively. Elevated cathepsin B, AEP, RAGE, and pTau levels were found in human AD brain, coincident with enhanced AGEs. This study demonstrates that the AGE-RAGE axis regulates Aβ_1–42 formation and tau phosphorylation via increased cathepsin B and AEP, providing a new molecular link between AGEs and AD pathology