ANALYSE DES DETERMINANTS DES CONDITIONS DE VIE DES MENAGES RURAUX DU MALI

L’objectif de cette étude est d’analyser les déterminants des conditions de vie des ménages ruraux au Mali. Montrer les effets significatifs des caractéristiques socio-économiques sur les conditions de vie de ces ménages. A travers les données de l’Enquête Modulaire et Permanente auprès des Ménages (EMOP). L’analyse s’est effectuée à partir du modèle de régression linéaire générale, la méthode requise est celle des moindres carrés ordinaires (MCO). Les principaux résultats issus des analyses révèlent entre autres que l’augmentation de la taille des ménages peut augmenter leurs dépenses de consommation. Lorsque le nombre de personne du ménage s’accroît d’une personne, les dépenses augmentent de 0,016. L’effet du genre peut influencer les dépenses de consommation des ménages, un ménage dirigé par un femme dépense moins qu’un ménage dirigé par un homme

Purification, characterization, and antitumor activity of a novel glucan from the fruiting bodies of <i>Coriolus Versicolor</i>

<div><p>Cancer is one of the most common causes of deaths worldwide. Herein, we report an efficient natural anticancer glucan (CVG) extracted from <i>Coriolus Versicolar</i> (CV). CVG was extracted by the hot water extraction method followed by ethanol precipitation and purified using gas exclusion chromatography. Structural analysis revealed that CVG has a linear α-glucan chain composed of only (1→ 6)-α-D-Glc<i>p</i>. The antitumor activity of CVG on Sarcoma-180 cells was investigated <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. Mice were treated with three doses of CVG (40, 100, 200 mg/kg body weight) for 9 days. Tumor weight, relative spleen, thymus weight, and lymphocyte proliferation were studied. A significant increase (<i>P< 0</i>.<i>01</i>) in relative spleen and thymus weight and a decrease (<i>P< 0</i>.<i>01</i>) in tumor weight at the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg were observed. The results obtained demonstrate CVG has antitumor activity towards Sarcoma-180 cells by its immunomodulation activity.</p></div

Effect of the (CVG) on splenocytes proliferation, proliferation activity was expressed as the absorption at 570 nm.

<p>Values are means ± SD of ten mice, (* significant with respect to the model control group at <i>P</i> < 0.05).</p

FT-IR spectrum with detector (DTGS) in a range of 4000–400 cm⁻¹ of the (CVG).

<p>FT-IR spectrum with detector (DTGS) in a range of 4000–400 cm⁻¹ of the (CVG).</p

Methylation analysis data for (CVG).

<p>Methylation analysis data for (CVG).</p

Proliferation ratio (%) of S-180 sarcoma cells at different concentrations (4, 10 and20 mg/ml) of CVG.

<p>(<i>* P</i> < 0.05 and <i>** P</i> < 0.01 with respect to the control).</p

¹³C NMR and ¹H NMR spectral assignments of (CVG).

<p>¹³C NMR and ¹H NMR spectral assignments of (CVG).</p

(A) and (B) represented the standard monosaccharides and a monosaccharides in the CVG (D-Fuc, D-Ara,D-Man,D-Gal and D-Glc) after hydrolyzed with TFA, respectively.

<p>(A) and (B) represented the standard monosaccharides and a monosaccharides in the CVG (D-Fuc, D-Ara,D-Man,D-Gal and D-Glc) after hydrolyzed with TFA, respectively.</p

Effect of the (CVG) on tumor regression of tumor- bearing mice, The (CVG) was dissolved in normal saline and were administered i.g.; while control group received normal saline, normal control group (normal saline), positive control group (Cyclophosphamide, 20 mg/kg body weight).

<p>The dose volume was 0.2 ml. Values are means ± SD of ten mice, (** significant with respect to the model control with <i>P</i> < 0.01).</p

Effect of the (CVG) on phagocytosis of macrophage in the bearing tumor mice, Phagocytosis activity was expressed as the absorption at 570 nm.

<p>Values are means ± SD of ten mice, (* significant with respect to the model control at <i>P</i> < 0.05).</p