Experimental and Finite Element Studies of Stretch Forming Process for ASS 316L at Elevated Temperature

Austenitic stainless steel 316 L grade is a material having extraordinary mechanical properties, low cost and easily available. This is the reason it was used in various industrial and nuclear applications. In the present work, ASS 316L nakazima specimens are stretched under hot forming conditions (750°C, 825°C and 900°C) at a constant strain rate (0.1s-1) along with three different orientations. These six types of nakazima specimens were used to know the formability behaviour of the material with the help of forming limit diagrams (FLD) obtained by the stretch forming process. A smaller change in Punch load and an increase in displacement were observed, which indicates the formability improvement of ASS 316L sheet metal with the increase in temperature. In addition, ABAQUS 6.13 computer code was applied for the prediction of formability from 750°C to 900°C.To improve the accuracy of the simulation, a number of integration points were accrued within the thickness direction, limiting dome height (LDH).The ductile fracture was observed from SEM images for all the temperatures. A close agreement was found between experimental and simulated results

Experimental and Finite Element Studies of Stretch Forming Process for ASS 316L at Elevated Temperature

744-749Austenitic stainless steel 316 L grade is a material having extraordinary mechanical properties, low cost and easily available. This is the reason it was used in various industrial and nuclear applications. In the present work, ASS 316L nakazima specimens are stretched under hot forming conditions (750°C, 825°C and 900°C) at a constant strain rate (0.1s-1) along with three different orientations. These six types of nakazima specimens were used to know the formability behaviour of the material with the help of forming limit diagrams (FLD) obtained by the stretch forming process. A smaller change in Punch load and an increase in displacement were observed, which indicates the formability improvement of ASS 316L sheet metal with the increase in temperature. In addition, ABAQUS 6.13 computer code was applied for the prediction of formability from 750°C to 900°C. To improve the accuracy of the simulation, a number of integration points were accrued within the thickness direction, limiting dome height (LDH).The ductile fracture was observed from SEM images for all the temperatures. A close agreement was found between experimental and simulated results

Finite Element Analysis on Experimental Stretch Forming Process of AA2014 Alloy at 423 to 623K Temperatures

Sheet metal forming processes are extremely important in the production of many different items. However, the issue of plastic instability, which frequently results in damaged goods, still exists in this industry. To solve this problem during production, it is crucial to take into account a number of factors, limiting diagram of forming. Present case, the Aluminum Alloy (AA2014) has been used to examine its formability at various temperatures (423,523 and 623K) and at strain rates (0.1 mm/s). Stretch forming was used to acquire the study’s findings, and the Nakajima test was used. The findings were evaluated using fractography investigations carried out with SEM. The outcomes demonstrated that as the temperature rose, the material’s limiting stresses became more favorable. Utilizing LS-dyna software, the simulations were carried out. The experimental findings are within the acceptability limit according to this study

Characterization of Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) Composites with Graphite

PMMA Composites have become the most popular materials due to its excellent strength-to-weight ratio, graphite reinforced for engineering applications. Researchers have used a variety of reinforcements to enhance the mechanical and tribological characteristics of various polymer matrixes, including carbon fiber, glass fiber, and carbon-based nanoparticles, graphite, alumina, silica, silicon carbide, titanium oxide, bacterial cellulose, Nano-cellulose, and zirconium oxide.This project focuses on the characteristics of composites made with graphite reinforcements that are based on polymethyl methacrylate. Die casting was used to manufacture this reinforced composite. To enhance the mechanical qualities (impact strength and hardness), tribological parameters (slide distance, normal load, and sliding velocity are employed for wear rate). Therefore, in this study, greater focus has been placed on on PMMA-based composites with graphite reinforcement

Evolution and Characterization of Zirconium 702 alloy at various temperatures

The Zirconium 702 alloy effectively used in nuclear industry at various critical conditions like high temperature and high pressure. This survey is an assessment of insights into the mechanical properties of the metal when exposed to different temperatures along the rolling direction.The main objective of this work is to characterize the tensile properties, and fracture study of broken tensile test samples at various temperatures.The tensile samples tested in our current work are 100°C, 150°C, and 200°C temperatures in different directions (0°, 45°, 90°) along with the rolling direction of the sheet. It is evident from the experimental results that temperatures significantly affect material properties. Temperature increases cause % elongation to increase, and strength decreases. ANOVA analysis revealed that temperature significantly influenced ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and yield strength (YS), as well as % elongation.The temperature contribution for UTS, YS, and % elongation is 41.90%, 31.60%, and 77.80% respectively. SEM fractured images showing the ductile type of behavior for all the temperatures

Experimental Formability and Finite Element Studies on AISI310 Austenitic Stainless Steel

Stainless steel, an alloy comprising chromium, iron and occasionally nickel and other metals, demonstrates exceptional corrosion resistance. The transformation of metal into thin, flat components is achieved through the industrial process known as sheet metal fabrication. The utilization of metal sheets is widespread, contributing to the creation of numerous everyday items. This study aims to investigate the formability of 310 austenitic stainless steel under varying temperatures (623K, 723K, and 823K). The evaluation was executed utilizing the Nakazima test method within the context of the stretch forming procedure. Prior to delving into the assessment of formability, an exhaustive examination of the mechanical properties of the high-strength stainless steel AISI 310 was conducted. This involved subjecting the material to tensile tests at varying temperatures - specifically, 623K, 723K, and 823K - each performed at a consistent strain rate of 0.1/s. The resultant data encompassed an array of failure modes and stress-strain curves for the individual test specimens, all of which were meticulously obtained and subjected to thorough analysis.Forming limit diagrams were subsequently constructed based on the gleaned results, affording a visual representation of the material’s formability under the specific conditions studied. Moreover, these experiments were replicated through simulations employing the LS-DYNA software, with a subsequent comparative examination conducted against the tangible outcomes derived from practical experimentation

Tensile And Formability Studies on AISI310 Austenitic Stainless Steel

Stainless steel is an alloy of iron, chromium, and, occasionally, nickel and other metals that resists corrosion. Metal is made into thin, flat pieces through an industrial process called sheet metal. One of the fundamental shapes used in metalworking, it can be cut and bent into many other shapes. Metal sheet is used to create a vast array of common items. The aim of the current work is to examine the 310 austenitic stainless steel’s formability at room temperature with different strain rates (i.e 0.1&0.01mm/s). The study’s outcomes were achieved through the utilization of the Nakazima test during stretch forming. Before performing formability test, The mechanical properties of a high-strength stainless steel AISI 310 were examined by conducting tensile tests at room temperature with 0.1,0.01mm/s strain rates. The failure modes, stress-strain curves of all the test specimens were obtained and analyzed. In the current experiment, the stretch forming of different shaped metal was tested in servo electric hot forming machine with different strain rates i.e, (0.1,0.01) at room temperature and plotted forming limit diagrams based on the results. Then simulations of the experiments were performed in LS-dyna software and compared with the practical experiment results

Experimental And Finite Element Studies of Stretch Forming Process for AA2014 Alloy At Elevated Temperature

Sheet metal forming operations play a crucial role in the manufacturing process of various products. However, the challenge of plastic instability, which often leads to defective products, continues to persist in this field. It is important to consider various parameters, such as the Forming Limit Diagram (FLD), to overcome this issue during manufacturing. The Aluminium Alloy (AA2014) has been employed in this study to investigate its formability under different temperatures (room temperature, 150 °C, and 300 °C) at the strain rate of 0.1mm/s. The results of the study were obtained by performing stretch forming by utilizing the Nakajima test. The results showed the limiting strains of the material improved with an increase in temperature, and the findings were analyzed through fractography studies performed with a Scanning electron microscope, and simulations were done using LS-dyna software. This study provides valuable insights into the formability of AA 2014 sheets at elevated temperatures and will aid in the development of more efficient and effective sheet metal forming operations