Analisis Spasial Titik Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan di Kota Kupang dan Sekitarnya dengan Metode Kernel Density

Dampak kebakaran hutan dan lahan membuat aktivitas manusia terganggu dan memunculkan data titik api yang dapat diamati dengan penginderaan jauh dan pengembangan analisis spasial berupa heat map pada peta. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian adalah informasi tentang koordinat geografis titik api, intensitas, dan waktu terjadinya kejadian yang diambil dari website FIRMS (Fire Information for Resource Management System). Tujuan dari penelitian adalah melihat pola spasial dan korelasi spasial kebakaran hutan dan lahan di kota kupang dan kabupaten kupang pada tahun 2010 sampai tahun 2022. Pola spasial akan dianalisa menggunakan kernel density estimation berupa bentuk titik api berdasarkan evaluasi jarak dan kontribusi lokal referensi dalam radius tertentu dengan jumlah titik api tertinggi. Berdasarkan analisis kernel density estimation, analisis menggunakan pemanfaatan kernel density dapat melihat daerah dengan munculnya titik api terbanyak di suatu daerah. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa daerah Rabeka adalah area dengan munculnya titik api terbanyak, sementara daerah di sekitar Amarasi Barat juga tercatat sebagai daerah dengan tingkat kejadian titik api yang signifikan. Informasi ini memberikan wawasan penting mengenai daerah-daerah yang rentan terhadap kebakaran hutan atau sering terjadi munculnya titik api. Kata kunci: analisis spasial; kernel density; kebakaran; titik api; peta panas DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jpg.v11.i2.2837

A deep Chandra observation of the interacting star-forming galaxy Arp 299

We present results from a 90 ks Chandra ACIS-S observation of the X-ray luminous interacting galaxy system Arp 299 (NGC 3690/IC 694). We detect 25 discrete X-ray sources with luminosities above 4.0x10^38 erg s^-1 covering the entire Ultra Luminous X-ray source (ULX) regime. Based on the hard X-ray spectra of the non-nuclear discrete sources identified in Arp 299, and their association with young, actively star-forming region of Arp 299 we identify them as HMXBs. We find in total 20 off-nuclear sources with luminosities above the ULX limit, 14 of which are point-like sources. Furthermore we observe a marginally significant deficit in the number of ULXs, with respect to the number expected from scaling relations of X-ray binaries with the star formation rate (SFR). Although the high metalicity of the galaxy could result in lower ULX numbers, the good agreement between the observed total X-ray luminosity of ULXs, and that expected from the relevant scaling relation indicates that this deficit could be the result of confusion effects. The integrated spectrum of the galaxy shows the presence of a hot gaseous component with kT = 0.72+-0.03 keV, contributing 20% of the soft (0.1-2.0 keV) unabsorbed luminosity of the galaxy. A plume of soft X-ray emission in the west of the galaxy indicates a large scale outflow. We find that the AGN in NGC 3690 contributes only 22% of the observed broad-band X-ray luminosity of Arp 299.Comment: 20 pages, 14 figures, 9 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRA

Fiber-reinforced Composite as Oral Implant Material. Experimental studies of glass fiber and bioactive glass in vitro and in vivo

Fiber-reinforced composite as oral implant material: Experimental studies of glass fiber and bioactive glass in vitro and in vivo Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomaterials Science, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland 2008. Biocompatibility and mechanical properties are important variables that need to be determined when new materials are considered for medical implants. Special emphasis was placed on these characteristics in the present work, which aimed to investigate the potential of fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) material as an oral implant. Furthermore, the purpose of this study was to explore the effect of bioactive glass (BAG) on osseointegration of FRC implants. The biocompatibility and mechanical properties of FRC implants were studied both in vitro and in vivo. The mechanical properties of the bulk FRC implant were tested with a cantilever bending test, torsional test and push-out test. The biocompatibility was first evaluated with osteoblast cells cultured on FRC substrates. Bone bonding was determined with the mechanical push-out test and histological as well as histomorplanimetric evaluation. Implant surface was characterized with SEM and EDS analysis. The results of these studies showed that FRC implants can withstand the static load values comparably to titanium. Threaded FRC implants had significantly higher push-out strength than the threaded titanium implants. Cell culture study revealed no cytotoxic effect of FRC materials on the osteoblast-like-cells. Addition of BAG particles enhanced cell proliferation and mineralization of the FRC substrates The in vivo study showed that FRC implants can withstand static loading until failure without fracture. The results also suggest that the FRC implant is biocompatible in bone. The biological behavior of FRC was comparable to that of titanium after 4 and 12 weeks of implantation. Furthermore, addition of BAG to FRC implant increases peri-implant osteogenesis and bone maturation.Siirretty Doriast

Cultural impacts of tourism: The case of the “Dogon Country” in Mali

Cultural tourism began to be recognized as a distinct product category in the late 1970s when tourism marketers and tourism researchers realized that some people traveled specifically to gain a deeper understanding of the culture or heritage of a destination (Tighe, 1986). In most regions of the world, particularly in Europe and North America, cultural attractions have become important in the development of tourism. At the global level, cultural attractions are usually perceived as being icons of important streams of global culture (Richards, 2001). Unfortunately, in developing countries, in which much of the earth\u27s magnificent heritage is located, the preservation of this heritage turns out to be very difficult because there are many challenges in the developing world that often thwart conservation objectives. Deeply rooted in its culture and resolutely opened to the world, Mali has witnessed a considerable increase in the development of tourism in the last ten to fifteen years. The country hosts a number of authentic attractions making Mali a sanctuary of African culture (an expression used by OMATHO , the Malian tourism board). Most visitors come to the country to see its rich and diversified cultural attractions among which the Dogon Country, home of one of the few ethnic groups in Africa that succeeded to preserve their rich cultural heritage from outside influence. Today, tourism has become a major source of income for the country and the Dogon communities, living in a very difficult environment, have found in tourism a major tool of economic development (see table 1 in Appendix 3). Today Dogon art has become famous and is particularly sought-after by collectors who offer generous prices for it. However, in Dogon communities, where traditional religious beliefs are partly expressed through masked dances and festivals, dances and masks bear a ritual meaning and the Dogon area is confronted to a cultural loss illustrated by the illicit trade of their cultural artifacts and the loss of value of their traditions and beliefs: tourism has become a major factor in the artwork leakage in the Dogon area, (Shackley, M. (2001) Managing Sacred sites: service provision and visitor experience, p.43). The goal of this study is to analyze the issue of tourism and its impact on the Dogon culture, discover the causes of the cultural changes affecting the Dogons today and understand whether they are the outcome of tourism development or the result of the normal evolution of the Dogon communities as they open themselves to the global community. This thesis is divided in five chapters and four appendices. A brief description of each chapter will be given in Chapter 1

Duchenne muscular dystrophy in South Africa : molecular aspects

Robea Balle, Department of Human Genetics, MRC Unit for Skeletal Disorders, UCT Medical School, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a lethal X-linked neuromuscular disorder, characterised by progressive muscle wasting and weakness. DMD has its onset in early childhood, leading to physical handicap by the mid-teens and usually death by the age of twenty years. Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) is the allelic form of DMD and is differentiated by its age of onset and milder phenotype. DMD and BMD are incurable and the most effective way of managing affected families is by preventing the recurrence of the di9order. The use of intragenic and closely linked flanking markers facilitates the identification of the defective X chromosome in female carriers and their affected male foetuses. DMD is thought to be the most common of the heritable muscle disorders, having an incidence of l in 3 300. When extrapolated to the large South African population, it presents a significant socioeconomic problem. For this reason, it was decided to develop a molecular genetic service for carrier identification and diagnostic predictions. The first step in the South African study involved the collection of biological material from affected individuals. In so doing, minimum prevalence's in the four major ethnic groups of Black, Caucasian, Indian and Mixed ancestry, were established. Although ascertainment was incomplete for a number of reasons, a markedly increased DMD frequency in the Indian population and a low frequency in the Black population was apparent. In the Caucasian group, an unexpectedly high BMD frequency, compared to DMD, was observed. 110 males affected with DMD and 18 with BMD were screened for deletions using genomic and cDNA probes and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology. Deletions were detected in the dystrophin gene of 47 DMD and 6 BMD patients, occurring predominantly in the 3' region of the gene (65%) and to a lesser extent in the 5' region of the gene (287.). The deletion frequency within individual ethnic groups

Therapeutic work with clients living in poverty

Background: Financial inequalities appear to be increasing and poverty is becoming ubiquitous. Poverty affects mental health but its impact on mental health and wellbeing is rarely highlighted within health research. Aims: The Covid-19 pandemic, the Ukrainian invasion and other international and national events have led to a cost-of-living crisis for many people. This is likely to lead to an increase in related referrals and therefore active consideration of the relevant issues relating to poverty appears vital. This paper reports a study which sought to understand how therapists experienced their work with clients who self-refer due to living in poverty. Method: Eight therapists participated in semi-structured interviews analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Results: Three superordinate themes were elicited: firstly ‘Resilience in the struggle to engage with therapeutic work’, secondly ‘Struggling to promote social activism’ and thirdly, ‘Navigating multiple challenges and barriers’. Each superordinate theme contains two or three sub themes. Conclusions: Issues of structural inequality (including but not limited to poverty) impact significantly on people’s lives but are often ignored or minimised in therapeutic work. It is important that therapists are aware of poverty and take this into account when working with clients

An investigation into the molecular basis of familial forms of osteoarthropathy in South Africa

Generalised osteoarthritis (OA) is a common disorder of the joints which can lead to pain and disability. Identification of the determinant gene(s) is limited in part by the lack of Mendelian inheritance in most forms of the disorder, the combination of genetic and environmental influences and the late development of the condition. An approach to the investigation of the aetiology of OA would be to take advantage of the monogenic basis of inherited skeletal dysplasias in which OA is a major component. For this reason, the molecular genetic basis of the epiphyseal dysplasias, which encompass a spectrum of phenotypes ranging from mild to severe skeletal involvement, is addressed in this thesis. Familial skeletal disorders in South Africa in which OA is a major feature were identified and investigated using intragenic and closely linked microsatellite markers in order to determine linkage to candidate genes. Mutational analysis was undertaken to identify the genetic defect