Anarchism and the press in Lima: The case of "Los Parias"

This thesis explores the relationship between the anarchist press and the nascent labor movement in the Republic of Peru in the beginning of the twentieth century. The first anarchist newspaper that appeared in Peru in 1904, titled Los Parias, provides a detailed look into the ways in which this communications medium, thanks to its timely message and firm social commitment, was able to forge an alliance with the workers of Peru in order to work towards a more socially egalitarian society in an era often recognized as the "Aristocratic Republic;" a historical period were old aristocracies and new bourgeoisies controlled the nation. By analyzing this material, this thesis hopes to delve deeper into how anarchists and all those who became supporters of this ideology (i.e. workers??? associations, guilds, students, intellectuals, etc.) conceptualized their social condition and the solutions they championed in order to achieve a libertarian utopia. The collaboration between anarchists and the nascent labor movement resulted in the formulation of an anti-establishment rhetoric that served as a precursor to new radical social trends that appeared in Peru as the twentieth century marched along; trends that had a profound effect in the social landscape of the nation. We find in these pages a call for social redemption; a radical and revolutionary alternative to elite control

Кераміка для техніки

The benthic invertebrates fauna of most of the saline lakes of the Sud Lipez region (Bolivia, Altiplano) has been until now quite unstudied. Samples collected during an extensive survey of 12 lakes and two small inflow rivers allow a first list of the main macroinvertebrates living in the biotopes. The heterogeneous nature of these saline lakes with their freshwater springs and phreatic inflows offers a variety of habitats to macroinvertebrates. The benthic fauna in lakes with salinity > 10 g l-1 is not so low in density but includes few species and is dominated by Orthocladinae and Podonominae larvae. In contrast, the freshwater springs and inflows are colonized by a diverse fauna with a mixture of both freshwater and saline taxa, but dominated by Elmidae and Amphipoda. The lakes are quite isolated and, apart from some cosmopolitan organisms, their fauna can be quite distinctive. (Résumé d'auteur

From a White Desert to the Largest World Deposit of Lithium: Symbolic Meanings and Materialities of the Uyuni Salt Flat in Bolivia

The Uyuni salt flat (Salar de Uyuni) in Bolivia possesses the largest lithium deposit in the world. Over the past 40 years, this location has been commodified and radically transformed. This paper examines how a landscape, understood from its material attributes and qualities, shapes and is shaped by social relations unfolding in a process of commodification and mining expansion. Based on primary qualitative data, the paper explores two elements: (1) how the symbolic meaning of this landscape has changed over time for the surrounding indigenous communities; and (2) how the different materialities of the salt flat as landscape, as ulexite and as lithium allow understanding of the drivers of socio-environmental change and conflict in this region. The paper argues that social relations and governance frameworks are interlinked with changing symbolic meanings and the different materialities of the Uyuni salt flat.non