31 research outputs found
Large Scale Structures in Kinetic Gravity Braiding Model That Can Be Unbraided
We study cosmological consequences of a kinetic gravity braiding model, which
is proposed as an alternative to the dark energy model. The kinetic braiding
model we study is characterized by a parameter n, which corresponds to the
original galileon cosmological model for n=1. We find that the background
expansion of the universe of the kinetic braiding model is the same as the
Dvali-Turner's model, which reduces to that of the standard cold dark matter
model with a cosmological constant (LCDM model) for n equal to infinity. We
also find that the evolution of the linear cosmological perturbation in the
kinetic braiding model reduces to that of the LCDM model for n=\infty. Then, we
focus our study on the growth history of the linear density perturbation as
well as the spherical collapse in the nonlinear regime of the density
perturbations, which might be important in order to distinguish between the
kinetic braiding model and the LCDM model when n is finite. The theoretical
prediction for the large scale structure is confronted with the multipole power
spectrum of the luminous red galaxy sample of the Sloan Digital Sky survey. We
also discuss future prospects of constraining the kinetic braiding model using
a future redshift survey like the WFMOS/SuMIRe PFS survey as well as the
cluster redshift distribution in the South Pole Telescope survey.Comment: 41 pages, 20 figures; This version was accepted for publication in
JCA
Distribution function approach to redshift space distortions. Part II: N-body simulations
Measurement of redshift-space distortions (RSD) offers an attractive method
to directly probe the cosmic growth history of density perturbations. A
distribution function approach where RSD can be written as a sum over density
weighted velocity moment correlators has recently been developed. We use Nbody
simulations to investigate the individual contributions and convergence of this
expansion for dark matter. If the series is expanded as a function of powers of
mu, cosine of the angle between the Fourier mode and line of sight, there are a
finite number of terms contributing at each order. We present these terms and
investigate their contribution to the total as a function of wavevector k. For
mu^2 the correlation between density and momentum dominates on large scales.
Higher order corrections, which act as a Finger-of-God (FoG) term, contribute
1% at k~0.015h/Mpc, 10% at k~0.05h/Mpc at z=0, while for k>0.15h/Mpc they
dominate and make the total negative. These higher order terms are dominated by
density-energy density correlations which contribute negatively to the power,
while the contribution from vorticity part of momentum density auto-correlation
is an order of magnitude lower. For mu^4 term the dominant term on large scales
is the scalar part of momentum density auto-correlation, while higher order
terms dominate for k>0.15h/Mpc. For mu^6 and mu^8 we find it has very little
power for k<0.15h/Mpc. We also compare the expansion to the full 2D P^ss(k,mu)
as well as to their multipoles. For these statistics an infinite number of
terms contribute and we find that the expansion achieves percent level accuracy
for kmu<0.15h/Mpc at 6th order, but breaks down on smaller scales because the
series is no longer perturbative. We explore resummation of the terms into FoG
kernels, which extend the convergence up to a factor of 2 in scale. We find
that the FoG kernels are approximately Lorentzian.Comment: 21 pages, 9 figures, published in JCA
Strawberry fruit resistance to simulated handling
Harvest operations are currently the main source of mechanical injury of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.). Experiments were designed to simulate conditions encountered during commercial handling. Individual fruits were subjected to impact or compression forces with similar energy to determine the sensitivity to mechanical injury. Bruise volume was used as the measurement of injury. Bruise severity increased as a function of impact energy for both impact types. However, dropped fruits had larger bruise volume than fruits submitted to pendulum impactor at the same energy level. Doubling the impact energy (0.040 to 0.083 J) increased bruise volume by 7 times (13 to 91 mm³). Fruits dropped from 380 mm (0.075 J) showed 71% greater bruise volume than those dropped from either 130 mm (0.025 J) or 200 mm (0.040 J). Compressed fruits showed higher bruise volume than other tests. Some cultivars are more susceptible to compression forces than others. 'Sweet Charlie' berries showed bruise volume 40% higher than the others cultivars when subjected to compression. Fruits subjected to impact showed bruise volume lower than the compressed fruits, indicating the possibility to be handled and graded in a packing line.A etapa de colheita é a principal fonte de danos físicos ao morango (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.). Experimentos foram realizados para simular condições encontradas durante manuseio. Frutos foram submetidos individualmente às forças de impacto e compressão em energias similares para determinar sensibilidade dos frutos a danos físicos. Volume da injúria física foi utilizado para mensurar a incidência do dano físico ocorrido. Severidade da lesão aumenta, com incremento da energia, tanto para força de impacto como para compressão. Todavia, frutos submetidos à queda livre demonstraram maiores volumes de danos físicos do que frutos submetidos a danos ocasionados por pendulo no mesmo nível de energia. Dobrando a energia de impacto (0,040 para 0,083 J) ocorreu aumento no volume da injúria em sete vezes (13 para 91 mm³). Frutos submetidos à queda de 380 mm (0,075 J) demonstraram volumes de danos físicos 71% superiores do que aqueles ocasionados em queda de 130 mm (0,025 J) ou 200 mm (0,040 J). Frutos em teste de compressão mostraram maiores volumes de injúrias físicas do que outros testes. Alguns cultivares são mais sensíveis à força de compressão do que outros. Frutos cultivar 'Sweet Charlie' apresentaram volume de injúria 40% superiores do que outros quando submetidos à força de compressão. Morangos submetidos à força de impacto demonstraram volume de injúria inferior do que aqueles comprimidos, indicando a possibilidade dos morangos serem classificados e manuseados em uma linha de beneficiamento