Effect of biofloc technology (BFT) on the early postlarval stage of pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis: growth performance, floc composition and salinity stress tolerance

Biofloc rearing media provides a potential food source for shrimp reared in limited or zero water exchange systems. This culture system is environmentally friendly as it is based on limited water use and minimal effluent is released into the surrounding environment. In this study, we evaluated the survival, growth performance and salinity stress tolerance of pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis postlarvae reared from PL10 to PL25 in a biofloc technology limited water exchange system. PL (mean ± SD weight and length of 14 ± 10 mg and 8.10 ± 0.7 mm, respectively) were reared in nine 40-L plastic tanks with a stocking density of 10PL/L. Three culture treatments were applied (1) culture in the presence of bioflocs and commercial feed supply (FLOC ? CF); (2) culture in the presence of biofloc without feed supply (FLOC) and (3) culture in clear water with feed supply (control). Final biomass and survival were significantly higher in FLOC ? CF treatment than the control (P \ 0.05), but did not differ from FLOC. PL reared in the FLOC ? CF treatment achieved a significantly higher final weight, weight gain and length in comparison with the other two treatments (P \ 0.05). No significant difference(P [ 0.05) between treatments was found for salinity tolerance over 24 and 48 h durations. The proximate analysis of floc shown high levels of crude protein (30.4%), but low levels of crude lipids (0.5%). The continuous availability of bioflocs had a significant effect on growth and survival of F. paulensis postlarvae cultured in BFT nursery systems

Dextrose as carbon source in the culture of litopenaeus vannamei (boone, 1931) in a zero exchange system

This work compared the use of dextrose and molasses as carbon sources for biofloc development, water quality maintenance, microorganism composition and growth performance of Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles in biofloc technology (BFT). Two treatments, dextrose and molasses, were tested with four replicates each. Carbon was added to achieve a C:N-AT (N-(NH3+NH4+)) ratio of 6:1. Physical and chemical water quality variables were monitored daily, and shrimp growth was estimated through periodic biometry. After 30 days, survival, final biomass, and feeding conversion rate (FCR) were determined. Dissolved organic carbon, chlorophyll-a, floc volume, total ammonia, nitrite, nitrate and phosphate concentrations, and microorganisms (qualified by groups), were measured every three days. Water quality variables remained within acceptable levels throughout the experimental period, except for nitrite, which reached higher levels than recommended for this species. The use of dextrose resulted in higher water transparency, which influenced the remaining centric diatoms. A superior shrimp performance was observed at this treatment, presumably because of variations on the microbial community. Therefore, it is concluded that the addition of dextrose results in a superior growth performance of L. vannamei when cultured in BFT systems.Se comparó el uso de dextrosa y melaza como fuentes de carbono en el desarrollo del biofloco, mantención de la calidad del agua, composición microbiana y crecimiento de juveniles de camarón blanco Litopenaeus vannamei en sistemas de cría con tecnología de biofloco (BFT). Se probaron dos tratamientos, dextrosa y melaza, con cuatro réplicas cada uno. Se agregó carbono para mantener la relación carbono: N-AT (N-(NH3+NH4+)) en 6:1. Las variables físicas y químicas de calidad del agua se controlaron diariamente y el crecimiento de los camarones se estimó mediante biometría en forma periódica. Después de 30 días se determinó la sobrevivencia, biomasa final y tasa de conversión de alimento. Cada tres días se determinaron las concentraciones de carbono orgánico disuelto, clorofila-a, amonio total, nitrito, nitrato y fosfato, y microorganismos (de los grupos clasificados), en el agua. Las variables de calidad de agua se mantuvieran dentro de niveles aceptables durante el periodo experimental, excepto la concentración de nitrito que alcanzó niveles superiores a los recomendados para esta especie. El uso de dextrosa mostró una mayor transparencia del agua, lo que influyó en la mayor permanencia de diatomeas céntricas. En este mismo tratamiento los camarones tuvieron un mejor crecimiento debido probablemente a variaciones en la comunidad microbiana. Por esta razón, se concluye que la adición de dextrosa proporciona un mejor crecimiento del camarón blanco L. vannamei cultivado en sistema de bioflocos

Avaliação da performance reprodutiva de fêmeas selvagens do camarão rosa Farfantepenaeus Brasiliensis (Crustácea: Decapoda) em laboratório

A avaliação do desempenho reprodutivo do camarão Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis foi realizada na tentativa de encontrar uma espécie nativa com potencial comercial de produção. Fêmeas selvagens de F.brasiliensis (56,89±12,36g) foram mantidas em sistemas de maturação convencional sem a presença de machos. Após a individualização realizada através de etiquetas numeradas coladas no dorso da carapaça e de marcações realizadas nos urópodes, 14 fêmeas foram submetidas aos procedimentos de ablação unilateral do pedúnculo ocular. O número de desovas por fêmea foi de 2,57, com uma produção média de 71,08±41,26(x103) ovos por desova e de 187,86±131,53(x103) ovos produzidos por fêmea, perfazendo um total de 2,63(x106) ovos produzidos. A percentagem de fêmeas que apresentaram desovas fertilizadas foi de 73%, com uma taxa de fertilização dos ovos de 68,42±42,2(%), taxa de eclosão dos ovos de 75,92±28,90(%), e taxa de metamorfose de náuplio para protozoea de 86,11±32,98(%). As fêmeas selvagens de F. brasiliensis demonstraram respostas similares ao processo de indução a reprodução em laboratório utilizado para fêmeas de F. paulensis, demonstrado assim a viabilidade da utilização desta espécie como alternativa para o setor da carcinocultura brasileira.Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis wild females (56.89±12.36g) were captured and kept in a conventional unisex maturation system. Reproductive performance was assessed to evaluate this species potential for commercial production. Fourteen females were individually identified by plastic labels and uropod marks, following, by eye stalk ablation was carried out in. The number of spawns per female was 2.57 with a mean production of 71.08±41.26(x103) eggs per spawn and 187.86±131.53(x103) eggs per female. Total number of eggs produced was 2.63(x106). Fertilization rate was 68.42±42.2 %, with 73 % of the females presenting fertilized spawns. The nauplius to zoea metamorphosis rate was 86.11±32.98(%). Wild F. brasiliensis females have shown similar results to F. paulensis females, demonstrating that this species has great potential for Brazilian commercial shrimp culture

Análise comparativa da criação dos camarões-rosa Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis e Farfantepenaeus paulensis criados em gaiolas em ambiente estuarino

A análise da criação de Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis e Farfantepenaeus paulensis em gaiolas, na Lagoa dos Patos, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), foi realizada a partir de juvenis produzidos em cativeiro com peso médio inicial de aproximadamente 1,2g. O experimento foi realizado em seis gaiolas (três gaiolas/tratamento), com abertura de malha de 5mm, área de fundo de 4m2 durante 65 dias. A distribuição dos indivíduos nos tratamentos (F. brasiliensis e F. paulensis) foi aleatória, mantendo-se a densidade de 20 camarões m-2 nas unidades experimentais. A cada 15 dias foram realizadas biometrias para ajuste da quantidade de ração fornecida e avaliação do crescimento dos camarões. Ao final do experimento, foi realizada a biometria total dos camarões para avaliação da sobrevivência. Não houve diferença significativa entre a sobrevivência de F. brasiliensis (94,17 ± 9,04) e F. paulensis (98,50±0,71). O peso médio final foi significativamente maior para o F. brasiliensis (7,98± 0,94g); porém, não foram observadas diferenças significativas na produção de biomassa (127,81±17,93 e 126,65±1,74g m-2) e conversão alimentar aparente (1,39±0,27 e 1,57±0,09) de F. brasiliensis e F. paulensis, respectivamente. Os resultados indicam que F. brasiliensis apresenta potencial para produção em estruturas alternativas e incentivam que novas pesquisas sejam realizadas para o desenvolvimento de um pacote tecnológico de produção dessas espécies.The cage culture of Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis and Farfantepenaeus paulensis was analyzed in the Patos Lagoon estuary using juveniles produced in captivity. Mean initial weight of the juveniles was approximately 1.2g. The experiment was conducted in 6 cages (3 per treatment), with mesh size of 5mm and bottom area of 4m2, during 65 days. The individuals were randomly distributed into two treatments (F. brasiliensis e F. paulensis), keeping the stocking density of 20 shrimps m-2 in the experimental units (cages). Each 15 days shrimps were weighted to adjust the amount of feed and to evaluate growth. In the end of the experiment, all the shrimp were weighed and counted to determine the survival. Survival did not differ significantly between F. brasiliensis (94.17±9.04) and F. paulensis (98.50±0.71). Although the mean final weight was significantly higher for F. brasiliensis (7.98±0.94g), there were no significant differences in terms of total biomass production (127.81±17.93 e 126.65±1.74g m-2) and apparent feed conversion ratio (1.39±0.27 e 1.57±0.09) between F. brasiliensis and F. paulensis, respectively. The results indicate that F. brasiliensis show potential to be cultured in alternative systems and motivate the development of the technological package for culture of this species in the Patos Lagoon estuary

Comparative analysis of pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis and Farfantepenaeus paulensis reared in estuarine cage culture system

Submitted by Michele Fernanda ([email protected]) on 2012-05-15T00:12:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Análise comparativa do cultivo dos camarões-rosa Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis e Farfantepenaeus paulensis criados em gaiolas em ambiente estuarino.pdf: 157257 bytes, checksum: 98b43f4f11f7ba3d7c20426cfe371de6 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Bruna Vieira([email protected]) on 2012-07-05T19:20:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Análise comparativa do cultivo dos camarões-rosa Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis e Farfantepenaeus paulensis criados em gaiolas em ambiente estuarino.pdf: 157257 bytes, checksum: 98b43f4f11f7ba3d7c20426cfe371de6 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2012-07-05T19:20:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Análise comparativa do cultivo dos camarões-rosa Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis e Farfantepenaeus paulensis criados em gaiolas em ambiente estuarino.pdf: 157257 bytes, checksum: 98b43f4f11f7ba3d7c20426cfe371de6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009A análise da criação de Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis e Farfantepenaeus paulensis em gaiolas, na Lagoa dos Patos, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), foi realizada a partir de juvenis produzidos em cativeiro com peso médio inicial de aproximadamente 1,2g. O experimento foi realizado em seis gaiolas (três gaiolas/tratamento), com abertura de malha de 5mm, área de fundo de 4m2 durante 65 dias. A distribuição dos indivíduos nos tratamentos (F. brasiliensis e F. paulensis) foi aleatória, mantendo-se a densidade de 20 camarões m-2 nas unidades experimentais. A cada 15 dias foram realizadas biometrias para ajuste da quantidade de ração fornecida e avaliação do crescimento dos camarões. Ao final do experimento, foi realizada a biometria total dos camarões para avaliação da sobrevivência. Não houve diferença significativa entre a sobrevivência de F. brasiliensis (94,17 ± 9,04) e F. paulensis (98,50±0,71). O peso médio final foi significativamente maior para o F. brasiliensis (7,98± 0,94g); porém, não foram observadas diferenças significativas na produção de biomassa (127,81±17,93 e 126,65±1,74g m-2) e conversão alimentar aparente (1,39±0,27 e 1,57±0,09) de F. brasiliensis e F. paulensis, respectivamente. Os resultados indicam que F. brasiliensis apresenta potencial para produção em estruturas alternativas e incentivam que novas pesquisas sejam realizadas para o desenvolvimento de um pacote tecnológico de produção dessas espécies.The cage culture of Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis and Farfantepenaeus paulensis was analyzed in the Patos Lagoon estuary using juveniles produced in captivity. Mean initial weight of the juveniles was approximately 1.2g. The experiment was conducted in 6 cages (3 per treatment), with mesh size of 5mm and bottom area of 4m2, during 65 days. The individuals were randomly distributed into two treatments (F. brasiliensis e F. paulensis), keeping the stocking density of 20 shrimps m-2 in the experimental units (cages). Each 15 days shrimps were weighted to adjust the amount of feed and to evaluate growth. In the end of the experiment, all the shrimp were weighed and counted to determine the survival. Survival did not differ significantly between F. brasiliensis (94.17±9.04) and F. paulensis (98.50±0.71). Although the mean final weight was significantly higher for F. brasiliensis (7.98±0.94g), there were no significant differences in terms of total biomass production (127.81±17.93 e 126.65±1.74g m-2) and apparent feed conversion ratio (1.39±0.27 e 1.57±0.09) between F. brasiliensis and F. paulensis, respectively. The results indicate that F. brasiliensis show potential to be cultured in alternative systems and motivate the development of the technological package for culture of this species in the Patos Lagoon estuary

Methods for Trophic Ecology Assessment in Fishes: A Critical Review of Stomach Analyses

36 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, supplementary material https://doi.org/10.1080/23308249.2019.1678013Assessment of fish trophic ecology in natural environments is imperative to understand biological and ecological requirements, supporting the management and conservation of populations and environments. There are several methods available to assess fish diets, generically divided in noninvasive approaches, such as underwater observations, and invasive approaches, such as analyses of lipid biomarkers, stable isotopes and stomach contents. Each one has application assumptions and conditions that must be aligned with study objectives and methodological criteria, assuring results robustness and allowing comparability among different studies. This review addresses the advantages and limitations of these methods, highlighting those applied for stomach analysis (SA). This work presents complete updated review concerning qualitative and quantitative methods applied to SA: sixty equations were reviewed comprising four formulae to value stomachs per se and, for stomach content analysis, eight single indices, fifteen composite indices and thirty-three equations related to modeling approaches. The review presents different potentialities associated to these methods, standardizes distinct names applied to a same method, and provides clarifications on confusion sources due to the use of same names in distinct methods, a source of scientific mistakes detected in the specialized literatureThe first author thanks Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) (Finance Code 001) for the Doctorate scholarship, and Dr. Ana Maria Gealh (Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa) and Dr. José Marcelo Rocha Aranha (Universidade Federal do Paraná) for the initial formation on fish feeding ecology. The second and last authors thank Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for the financial support for the research mission in Brazil (Process 453871/2016-0). The last author thanks CNPq for the research grant (Processes 305403/2015-0 and 310451/2018-3) and the Aquaculture and Sustainable Development Post-Graduation Program of UFPRWith the funding support of the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S), of the Spanish Research Agency (AEI