A Current Review from Recent Literature on Novel Sars-cov-2 Outbreak

The outbreak of a novel coronavirus 2019 was traced back in China in late 2019, followed by their worldwide transmission as a pandemic. From January to August 2020, a total of 1,724 papers were published, where 125 were only published in August 2020, demonstrating the importance and need for current awareness and research to overcome this deleterious virus. This paper briefly highlighted the major characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 in detail, including; a brief history of coronavirus, various transmission routes, range of mild to severe symptoms, available diagnostic tests, treatment options, measures for infection control and prevention, and particular emphasis on self-acceptance and upholding to face mask-wearing. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is limitless and has affected all the nation throughout the horizon; the voyage is indeed hard but not impossible to overcome. However, it is the responsibility of each and every individual to be cautious, know, and understand their role in this difficult situation. To conclude, due to the lack of cohesive data, this review has collated the most recent literature regarding COVID-19 and provided the reader with clear and simple knowledge and instructions on the control and prevention of COVID-19 and hence to protect the most vulnerable population

Determination of antibodies to Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus in goats and sheep in some localities in Sudan

Objective: Caprine arthritis encephalitis (CAE) infection is existing worldwide causing economic loss in goat production. This work was conducted to investigate the prevalence of CAE in local and foreign goat breeds and sheep in different localities in Sudan. Materials and methods: A total of 368 sera samples were prepared; among these, 112 were collected from cross (n=39) and foreign (n=73) breeds of goat in Khartoum state, equal number of sera (n=23) were collected from goats and sheep from each of River Nile, Gedarif, Sinnar and North Kordofan states. Eighteen cross bred goats were tested from River Nile state. From foreign bred goats, 28 and 26 sera were collected from Gazira and Northern states, respectively. The collected sera were examined for the presence of antibodies to CAE virus using Enzymed-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results: The overall seroprevalence of CAE was 2.99% (n=11/368). Positive results were found only in 11 of foreign breed of goats (Cyprus shami) collected from Gazira (39.29%; n=11/28). Statistically, there was an association between breed and location (P=0.001 and P=0.671, respectively). Conclusion: The CAE virus infection exists only in foreign goat breeds. Gazira state showed the highest seroprevalence as compared to other states considered in this study. Strict hygienic measures should be adopted to control the disease and to prevent its spread to local breeds. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2016; 3(3.000): 259-262