Support of Risk Management Through Careful Selection of Anti-corruption Measures – a Critical Evaluation of Compliance Management Activities

Purpose of the article: Organizations tend to apply Compliance Management System (CMS) as means to reduce risk. The fraud or corruption risk can be reduced by applying anti-corruption measures. The usefulness of these anti-corruption measures is not always questioned. Therefore measures might be applied which have little or no value in reality. Compliance Management Systems might be enhanced if hints can be found which measures are helpful for the organizations. Methodology/methods: In a laboratory experiment possible cause-effect relations for anti-corruption measures were tested in an international setting. Populations from different countries were selected to test also differences in the national settings. Scientific aim: The research aims at finding most effective anti corruption mechanisms and makes suggestions which kind of measures have a positive impact and which are negligible. This research presents the results of an experimental approach to further strengthen activity in the area of CMS. It highlights the use of CMS in order to conduct business through persons which are ethically sensitized. Findings: The research highlights that not all applied measures do have a positive impact on decisions which have to be taken in ethical dilemma situations. Furthermore for single areas it became obvious that only specific measures do have an impact, general measures do not have an impact. Conclusions: The effectiveness of CMS depends on a careful selection of the right activities. Nevertheless elements could be identified which are likely to have a stronger impact on the decision making than others. These should be in the focus when designing, evaluating and/or implementing a CMS. The approach should be embedded in an overall risk analysis to make sure that the relevant compliance risks are covered

Public Libraries – Facilitators of Information Society and e- Inclusion in Latvia

AbstractThe economic growth and national competitiveness is closely correlated with the development of information society. In the last few years the role of public libraries has significantly increased and libraries have greatly contributed to the improvement of information society in Latvia. The usage of library services had never been as high as they were in 2011 – 42% of the population were active library users and 90% of them used the Internet. Nowadays, the public library network in Latvia provides a powerful network of information, knowledge and community centres and they are highly demanded by society

Electronic procurement system – instrument for implementing green public procurement: analysis of the Latvia’s expierence

Green public procurement (GPP) is a mean of saving up finances for public institutions, especially taking into consideration not only procurement price but also total expenses of the contract lifecycle. In Latvia the first Electronic Procurement System (EPS) was established in 2005 and was the first such procurement system in the Baltic States. Initially, it only acted as an e-Procurement system in which public institutions can purchase standard goods and services. This paper analyzes the success of the implementation methodology for evaluating e-Procurement in public procurement. The aim of the paper is to explore the proportion of applied GPP of total procurement in EPS in Latvia in the period from 2015 to 2017, and to analyze how the aims of the proportion of GPP are achieved. In order to investigate the share of GPPs in the EPS, data on purchases made by EPS was collected and analyzed. An analysis was made of the percentage of GPP and the most important groups for which GPP was appropriate, and it was assessed whether the objectives set by the GPP have been achieved. GPP proportion in procurement made within the EPS in 2015 was 9%, 2016 - 8%, but in 2017 - 19.10%, which means that GPP a substantial increase. As the calculations made in the study prove a complete transition to e-Procurement will reduce both administrative costs and significant savings for the state budget in the Latvia

The demand of Public Administration management’s staff competences in the future

The development of the competences of the staff of the Latvian Public Administration has been drawing more and more attention. The aim of the development of the human resources is a professional, motivated, advanced and honest staff of the Public Administration. It means that it is necessary to evaluate the competences of the staff in order to upgrade them and understand what is in demand nowadays. Improved personal and professional competences are regularly needed to improve the quality, efficiency, development of creative thinking, knowledge and adaptation to the trends and demands of the 21 st century. It is therefore important to understand whether employees are in line with a specialised profession in order to improve and maintain the skills of employees, who have played an important role in the work process as a result of the rapid development of technology today. It is therefore important to find out what competencies will become an integral part of human work. The aim of the research is to understand, what kind of competences in the future are going to be in demand for Public Administration staff. The methods used in the research work are going to be the analysis of the documents and data analysis. The results of the research are going to be used in practice by evaluating and upgrading the competences of the Public Administration staff

The Cambridge Companion to Twentieth-Century Russian Literature

In Russian history, the twentieth century was an era of unprecedented, radical transformations - changes in social systems, political regimes, and economic structures. A number of distinctive literary schools emerged, each with their own voice, specific artistic character, and ideological background. As a single-volume compendium, the Companion provides a new perspective on Russian literary and cultural development, as it unifies both migr literature and literature written in Russia. This volume concentrates on broad, complex, and diverse sources - from symbolism and revolutionary avant-garde writings to Stalinist, post-Stalinist, and post-Soviet prose, poetry, drama, and migr literature, with forays into film, theatre, and literary policies, institutions and theories. The contributors present recent scholarship on historical and cultural contexts of twentieth-century literary development, and situate the most influential individual authors within these contexts, including Boris Pasternak, Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Joseph Brodsky, Osip Mandelstam, Mikhail Bulgakov and Anna Akhmatova. Content Provided by Syndetics.https://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/bookshelf/1005/thumbnail.jp

DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMIC THEORY – FROM THEORIES OF ECONOMIC GROWTH AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT TO THE PARADIGM OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Rapid economic growth is a relatively recent phenomenon, which has been examined since the end of the 18th century. In the scientific literature researchers use the concept of “economic growth” and “economic development” when analyzing economic processes. “Economic growth”, as defined by Paul M. Romer occurs whenever people use resources and rearrange them in more valuable ways. Thus, economic growth means an increase in a real national income / national output. In contrast, economic development is an improvement of the quality of life and living standards, e.g. improvement of literacy, life expectancy, and approach to environmental issues. Economic development encircles a wider range of metrics than just gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, it is about actual standard of living, level of environmental standards, availability and quality of housing and other aspects. The article analyzes, compares and evaluates theories of economic growth and economic development in the context of sustainable development

Methodological perspective of evaluation of Green public procurement

Every year the European Union (EU) Member States collectively spend around 14% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on public procurement. In Latvia, public procurement accounts for 17% of GDP. The review of the new public procurement directives and their transposition process in Latvia plans to show new opportunities for green public procurement (GPP) application: the contracting authority will be able to reject, for example, an abnormally low bid, include environmental management system requirements in the selection criteria, use life cycle costing criteria, etc. GPP is the systematic integration of environmental criteria into all activities related to the procurement of goods or services, from the identification of needs, the development of appropriate specifications and evaluation procedures, to the monitoring of the results achieved. Solutions for the promotion of GPP proposed by the new Public procurement Law project and the Cabinet of Ministers' draft regulation "Requirements and Application of Green Public Procurement" will also be analyzed. The aim of the work is to explore the application of GPP to improve the quality of GPP