Becoming Gentlemen: Women\u27s Experiences at One Ivy League Law School

In this Article we describe preliminary research by and about women law students at the University of Pennsylvania Law School—a typical, if elite, law school stratified deeply along gender lines. Our database draws from students enrolled at the Law School between 1987 and 1992, and includes academic performance data from 981 students, self-reported survey data from 366 students, written narratives from 104 students, and group-level interview data of approximately eighty female and male students.\u27 From these data we conclude that the law school experience of women in the aggregate differs markedly from that of their male peers

Community and contagion: A neighborhood\u27s reception to a nursing home for people with AIDS

This is an ethnographic account of a neighborhood\u27s response to the opening of a nursing home in their midst for people with AIDS. Located in the western outskirts of a large North East Coast American city, the neighborhood is a middle class residential community with a long tradition of ethnic and racial diversity. The study goes beyond much of the current research on community responses to residential care facilities, and stresses the importance of understanding how social status anxieties among local community groups, in combination with the degree of stigma associated with patient groups, determine the unfolding of such controversies. It also emphasizes the crucial influence of historical processes on community responses to residential care facilities and examines how the historical development of the neighborhood and the city\u27s current experience of deindustrialization and urban decay have colored neighbor\u27s reactions to the AIDS care facility

Adverse effects of reduced oxygen tension on the proliferative capacity of rat kidney and insulin-secreting cell lines involve DNA damage and stress responses

Standard cell culture conditions do not reflect the physiological environment in terms of oxygen tension (20% vs 3%). The effects of lowering oxygen tension on cell proliferation in culture can be beneficial as well as detrimental depending on the cell line studied, but the molecular mechanism underlying such effects is not fully understood. We observed that the proliferative capacity of the rat cell lines NRK and INS-1 was inhibited when cultured under 3% oxygen as compared to 20% oxygen. Suppression of proliferation in NRK cells was accompanied by induction of DNA double strand breaks whereas in INS-1 cells it was accompanied by up-regulation of p53 and p27. Although Sirt1 was up-regulated in both cell lines by 3% oxygen the effects on antioxidant enzymes (MnSOD, CuZnSOD and catalase) were cell line specific. Marked up-regulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) was detected in both NRK and INS-1 cells when cultured in 3% oxygen. HO-1 expression can be readily induced by exposure to hydrogen peroxide in culture. These results suggest that reduced oxygen tension suppresses the proliferative capacity of these two cell lines through a stress response that is similar to an oxidative stress response but the molecular events that lead to the reduced cell proliferation are cell line specific