Gli immigrati nei sistemi locali del lavoro italiani: caratteristiche e prospettive di un modello di insediamento

Il contributo si propone di studiare le specificità del modello di insediamento territoriale dei migranti in Italia. Tali specificità sono rintracciabili nel legame che storicamente intercorre tra il fenomeno migratorio in Italia, nelle sue diverse espressioni (emigrazione, migrazione interna e immigrazione), e i profondi squilibri sociali ed economici tra diverse regioni e aree geografiche della penisola. Dai dati dell’ultimo Censimento emerge che i sistemi locali del lavoro con la maggiore incidenza di immigrati in Italia sono soprattutto aree a sviluppo diffuso a forte concentrazione manifatturiera, in particolare distretti industriali. Tale tendenza, tuttavia, si è interrotta in seguito alla crisi del 2007-2008. Negli anni più recenti si registrano da un lato la fuoriuscita di addetti stranieri dai sistemi manifatturieri, soprattutto del Nord Est, dall’altro maggiori possibilità occupazionali nel settore primario, molto diffuso nelle regioni meridionali, e nei servizi a bassa qualifica, tipici delle aree metropolitane. È certamente prematuro stabilire se i mutamenti in atto determineranno una vera e propria trasformazione del modello di insediamento territoriale dei migranti. I dati analizzati in questo articolo, tuttavia, mostrano che la crisi economica ha colpito duramente i lavoratori immigrati, acuendo così le diseguaglianze nel reddito e nelle condizioni lavorative. Si pone quindi l’esigenza di politiche attente a evitare fenomeni di esclusione e scompensi territoriali che possono minare seriamente gli equilibri socio-economici complessivi del paese

CFD analysis of the fuel-air mixture formation process in passive prechambers for use in a high-pressure direct injection (HPDI) Two-stroke engine

The research on two-stroke engines has been focused lately on the development of direct injection systems for reducing the emissions of hydrocarbons by minimizing the fuel shortcircuiting. Low temperature combustion (LTC) may be the next step to further improve emissions and fuel consumption; however, LTC requires unconventional ignition systems. Jet ignition, i.e., the use of prechambers to accelerate the combustion process, turned out to be an effective way to perform LTC. The present work aims at proving the feasibility of adopting passive prechambers in a high-pressure, direct injection, two-stroke engine through non-reactive computational fluid dynamics analyses. The goal of the analysis is the evaluation of the prechamber performance in terms of both scavenging efficiency of burnt gases and fuel/air mixture formation inside the prechamber volume itself, in order to guarantee the mixture ignitability. Two prechamber geometries, featuring different aspect ratios and orifice numbers, were investigated. The analyses were replicated for two different locations of the injection and for three operating conditions of the engine in terms of revolution speed and load. Upon examination of the results, the effectiveness of both prechambers was found to be strongly dependent on the injection setup

Geometry of Information Integration

Information geometry is used to quantify the amount of information integration within multiple terminals of a causal dynamical system. Integrated information quantifies how much information is lost when a system is split into parts and information transmission between the parts is removed. Multiple measures have been proposed as a measure of integrated information. Here, we analyze four of the previously proposed measures and elucidate their relations from a viewpoint of information geometry. Two of them use dually flat manifolds and the other two use curved manifolds to define a split model. We show that there are hierarchical structures among the measures. We provide explicit expressions of these measures

Cytokine release syndrome after CAR infusion in pediatric patients with refractory/relapsed B-ALL: is there a role for diclofenac?

BACKGROUND: Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is a major complication after chimeric-antigen receptor T-cell treatment, characterized by an uncontrolled systemic inflammatory reaction. We investigated the potential role of diclofenac in the management of CRS in five pediatric patients treated for relapsed/refractory B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia. METHODS: In case of persistent fever with fever-free intervals shorter than 3 hours, diclofenac continuous infusion was initiated, at the starting dose of 0.5 mg/Kg/day, the lowest effective pediatric dose in our experience, possibly escalated up to 1 mg/Kg/day, as per institutional guidelines. RESULTS: CRS occurred at a median of 20 hours (range 8–27) after tisagenlecleucel infusion. Diclofenac was started at a median of 20 hours (range 13–33) after fever onset. A mean of 3.07 febrile peaks without diclofenac and 0.95 with diclofenac were reported (p = 0.02). Clinical benefit was achieved by hampering the progression of tachypnea and tachycardia. Despite fever control, CRS progressed in four of the five patients, and hypotension requiring vasopressors and fluid retention, as well as hypoxia, occurred. Vasopressors were followed by 1–2 doses of tocilizumab (one in patient 2 and two in patients 3, 4, and 5), plus steroids in patients 4 and 5. CONCLUSION: Based on a limited number of patients, diclofenac leads to better fever control, which translates into symptom relief and improvement of tachycardia, but could not prevent the progression of CRS

Dynamical complexity in the C.elegans neural network

We model the neuronal circuit of the C.elegans soil worm in terms of a Hindmarsh-Rose system of ordinary differential equa- tions, dividing its circuit into six communities which are determined via the Walktrap and Louvain methods. Using the numerical solution of these equations, we analyze important measures of dynamical com- plexity, namely synchronicity, the largest Lyapunov exponent, and the ?AR auto-regressive integrated information theory measure. We show that ?AR provides a useful measure of the information contained in the C.elegans brain dynamic network. Our analysis reveals that the C.elegans brain dynamic network generates more information than the sum of its constituent parts, and that attains higher levels of integrated information for couplings for which either all its communities are highly synchronized, or there is a mixed state of highly synchronized and de- synchronized communities

Immunomonitoring of Transplanted Patients Infused With Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSC) for Treating Steroid-Refractory GVHD

n/

A Geological Itinerary Through the Southern Apennine Thrust-Belt (Basilicata—Southern Italy)

Open access via Springer Compact AgreementPeer reviewedPublisher PD