Modelos de Desarrollo de Innovacion y de Relacion Universidad-Empresa-Estado

En las dos ultimas de adas, la Innova ionse ha onvertido en un fenomeno omplejo que ha permitido a las Empresas mejorar sus produ tos, redu ir ostos, in rementar bene ios y responder ade uadamentea la demanda de los onsumidores de mer- ados exigentes y a la ompeten ia globa

Algunos Aspectos de la Pol´ıtica Cient´ıfica y Tecnol´ogica

La Pol´ıtica Cient´ıfica y Tecnol´ogica comoun elemento importante en la planificaci´onestrat´egica, tiene su inicio en la d´ecada delos a˜nos 40, cuando en 1944, el presidentenorteamericano F. D. Roosevelt escribi´o alDirector de la Oficina de Investigaci´on yDesarrollo Cient´ıfico Americano, solicitando una orientaci´on del futuro de la investigaci´on de su pa´ıs, una vez concluida la contienda b´elica [1]

Mejora de la calidad académica a través del seguimiento de la planeación didáctica

Trabajo en el que se atendió la problemática de la falta de capacitación, acompañamiento y mejora continua para la planeación didáctica dentro del aula por parte de los docentes del nivel bachillerato de una institución educativa de Guadalajara, Jalisco. Se llevó a cabo una intervención a través de tres acciones: el fortalecimiento de la estructura y los procesos del trabajo colegiado; la capacitación de los docentes en la planeación didáctica, y el acompañamiento y seguimiento a los docentes en la planeación y ejecución didáctica

El CIAD y el mejoramiento de la competitividad de las MIPYME locales de la industria de alimentos: evaluación de la efectividad del Programa de Servicios Estratégicos

El trabajo examina los efectos del programa de colaboración ciencia-empresa-gobierno denominado Programa de Servicios Estratégicos (PSE) implementado para apoyar la competitividad de las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas (MIPYME) del sector industria de alimentos del municipio de Hermosillo. El programa consiste en un paquete de servicios tecnológicos proveídos por el Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD). Los efectos de la implementación del programa son evaluados mediante un conjunto de indicadores asociados al desempeño competitivo de las empresas beneficiarias: incremento en ventas, nuevos productos y procesos, mejoramiento de procesos y calidad. Para la evaluación del PSE se utiliza información obtenida mediante una encuesta de seguimiento aplicada a una muestra de empresas participantes. Los efectos finales del programa y el papel que juegan las características de las propias empresas son evaluados utilizando el análisis de clusters como herramienta de diferenciación y clasificación de las empresas de acuerdo la extensión y diversidad de los efectos positivos que tuvo el programa en ellas

Prevalencia de artritis séptica neonatal en un hospital universitario

Introducción: La artritis séptica neonatal es un padecimiento poco común que se ha relacionado con recién nacidos internados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatal, cuyo principal factor de riesgo es el uso previo de catéter central. Objetivo: establecer la prevalencia de la artritis séptica neonatal en nuestro Hospital. Material y método: estudio observacional descriptivo de prevalencia. Se incluyeron todos los recién nacidos con diagnostico de artritis séptica neonatal internados un la unidad de cuidados intermedios e intensivos neonatal del Hospital Universitario Dr. José Eleuterio González del año 2003 al 2007. Se revisaron los expedientes y se registraron variables generales, factores de riesgo, bacteriología y mortalidad. Resultados: Se diagnosticaron 26 casos de artritis séptica neonatal durante el periodo de tiempo estudiado, solo 20 casos lograron criterios de inclusión: la prevalencia fue de 1.2 casos por cada 1,000 nacidos. La edad gestacional fue 39.2 ± 1.3 semanas, con peso 3193 ± 709 g. El factor de riesgo que se presento con mas frecuencia fue el antecedente de uso previo de catéter en 75% de los casos. Se aisló microorganismo en 80% de los casos, los bacterias grampositivas se aislaron en 80% de los casos; el Staphylococcus aureus fue el microorganismo aislado predominantemente en 75% de los casos. La presentación poliarticular fue en 40% de los casos. La mortalidad fue de 0%. Conclusiones: La prevalencia fue menor a lo reportado en la literatura. Los microorganismos grampositivos continúan siendo los microorganismos predominantes en la artritis séptica neonatal. La mortalidad es baja

Energy Sufficiency for Rural Communities: The Case of The Bolivian Lowlands

Access to energy has proved to have strong links to other dimensions of socio-economic develop ment. As a first step to ensure electricity coverage in developing countries’ rural communities, a minimum energy access must be settled. To do this, the theoretical concept of energy sufficiency is expanded to fit in the rural energy access logic. Ideally, un-electrified communities must move from low energy consumption states to a position where they consume enough to have a contin uous development without risking global environment goals. For that purpose, a bibliographic review is performed to define the components of an ideal rural community where people’s basic needs for energy services are met equitably. Main findings show that besides the household component, public lighting, education, health, water and production services must be considered at the moment of estimated energy demands for rural electrification. To test the implication of this, a series of plausible village configurations of the Bolivian lowlands are proposed and simulated using a bottom-up stochastic model. Not considering community services and income generating activities, carries a 45 % underestimation on peak demand. In addition, improving people’s living conditions has a considerable effect on the electricity demand of Bolivia’s rural lowland communities

Using PyPSA-Earth to address energy systems modelling gaps in developing countries. A case study for Bolivia

peer reviewedBolivia is a developing country in South America which is slowly starting its energy transition towards more renewable technologies. However, at this moment, Institutions in charge of regulating, operating, and planning the development of the sector are still working with “black box” (or licensed) models, which are costly and less transparent, and are highly dependent on external expertise to formulate national plans. A proper transition will arguably require endogenous know-how and resources to be sustainable, affordable, and sovereign for the country. In this context, open-source energy models are increasingly used in Bolivia, mostly by academic and non-profit institutions. These are used to study alternative development scenarios, quantify environmental impacts and/or define potential techno-economic requirements. Previous works have focused on the development of dispatch models that analyse the stability and operation over short-terms and on energy-balance models to study impacts over long-term scenarios. However, while operation and planning aspects are somewhat covered independently, the combination of both is still missing (i.e. high time and spatial resolution and long-term horizon perspectives). To bridge this gap the PyPSA-Earth model was identified and used to derive a model specific for the Bolivian context using a dedicated workflow. The model is adapted to run and provide country-specific outputs regarding generation capacities, grid expansion and sector-specific demands, which are later compared with historical information to assess its accuracy and capabilities. Modelling results provide inputs regarding the characteristics of the tool and quantify deviations of its outputs compared to the Bolivian system in 2020. Based on these, it is concluded that the flexibility of the model, combined with its transparent structure, show great potential for implementation.7. Affordable and clean energ

Consequences of Herbicide Use in Rural Environments and Their Effect on Agricultural Workers

The herbicides are used frequently to fight the proliferation of weeds. The use of herbicides correlates with an improvement in agricultural yield, but the harm to the health of human populations is well established and has been demonstrated in numerous scientific studies. In many developing countries, farmers build their own homes, and this, along with the application of herbicides in their fields, increases their exposure, through both contact with skin and respiration. It is scientifically proven that herbicides cause infertility, kidney problems, endocrine disruption, apoptosis, cytotoxicity, and neurotoxic effects. Such diseases impact the quality of those affected, and naturally the contaminated environment negatively affects human health. This chapter focuses on revising the most relevant studies regarding the health effects on agricultural workers living in rural environments due to herbicide contamination and how to sustain the herbicide use

Modeling hydropower to assess its contribution to flexibility services in the Bolivian power system

peer reviewedBolivia has an important hydroelectric potential that has the potential to be an important part of future energy supply. This potential is due to the topographic characteristics of the country, composed of two large hydrological systems, the Amazon and La Plata basin, with a power of 34,208.50 MW and 5,359.90 MW respectively. Hydropower has been increasing in the Bolivian territory in recent years, with a tripe objective: guarantee energy sovereignty, industrial development and the export of electrical energy. Today, the power system has a 33 % share of hydraulic component, a 61 % share of thermal component, and the rest of other renewable energy sources. Such a composition makes the system vulnerable to hydrological variations that can affect production costs and flexibility of the energy system. Therefore, this study aims to assess the effects of different rainfall years on the ability of hydropower to generate and store electricity. This is done using the hourly power system simulation software Dispa-SET, primarily developed by the European Commission. For the application of the methodology, the Dispa-Set Bolivia model is taken as a basis. For this study the hydroelectric systems are disaggregated by hydro unit, which allows to include the flows of sub-basins in run-of-the-river plants. The information on water inputs for different years is obtained from the Surface Water Balance of Bolivia 2017, which uses the Soil Moisture method (rainfall-runoff) through the software Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP), for a period from 1980 to 2016. The model optimizes the system under all hydro years, both with a mid-term scheduling approach and a short-term optimal dispatch and unit commitment approach. Modeling has allowed to obtain a broad vision of different scenarios, where main results show that heavy rainfall years affect the electricity production of hydro plants by impacting the flexibility hydropower can provide to the system. This results in changes on the average production costs, which is quantified by differences in terms of electricity production of hydropower plants