Salivary irisin level is higher and related with interleukin-6 in generalized periodontitis

Objectives: Irisin plays an important role in energy homeostasis, inflammation, glucose, and lipid metabolism, and it is shown to have relations with many inflammatory diseases. The aim of the study was to determine saliva and serum irisin and IL-6 levels in patients with stage III/grade B periodontitis compared with individuals with healthy periodontium. Materials and methods: Twenty patients with stage III grade B periodontitis (P) and 20 periodontally healthy subjects (control; C) were included in this study. Clinical periodontal measurements were recorded. Saliva and serum levels of irisin and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Salivary irisin and IL-6 levels were significantly higher in the periodontitis group (p 0.05). Significant positive correlations were found between all periodontal parameters and salivary irisin and IL-6 (p < 0.05) and also between BMI and saliva and serum IL-6 (respectively; r = 0.530, r = 0.329, p < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between salivary irisin and IL-6 (r = 0.369, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Monitoring of salivary irisin and IL-6 might be potential biomarker for predicting the susceptibility to periodontitis. Clinical relevance: Scientific rationale for the study: Irisin is a novel adipomyokine that has played an important role in energy homeostasis, glucose and lipid metabolism, angiogenesis, immunity, and inflammation. Irisin is involved in the pathogenesis of diseases affecting many body systems. IL-6, another adipomyokine, is a major inflammatory mediator and homeostatic regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism and is associated with periodontitis. No studies investigated the relationship between advanced periodontal disease, irisin, and IL-6 together. Principal findings: The salivary irisin and IL-6 levels were significantly higher and positively correlated in patients with periodontitis relative to healthy controls. Furthermore, serum IL-6 levels were significantly increased in patients with periodontitis. Practical implications: The study shows that irisin and IL-6 can be candidate salivary biomarkers for periodontitis and predict to periodontal status

Tectonostratigraphic characteristics of the area between Cayeli (Rize) and Ispir (Erzurum)

The study area is located in the Eastern Pontides between Rize, Cayeli, Arhavi, Ispir and Ikizdere. In this area, Macka Tectonic Slice (MTS) and Taskopru Tectonic Slice (TTS) are exposed. MTS is composed from old to young; Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous limestone (Berdiga fm.); Turonian-Santonian conglomerate, sandstone, micritic limestone, siltstone, marl, basaltic, basaltic-andesitic lava, pyroclastites (Catak fm.); Santonian rhyolitic, dacitic lava, pyroclastites, sandstone, clayey limestone (Kizilkaya fm.); late Santonian-Campanian basaltic, andesitic lava, pyroclastites, sandstone, clayey limestone (Caglayan fm.); Campanian-Mastrihtian rhyolitic, dacitic lava, pyroclastites, sandstone, clayey limestone (Cayirbag fm.);late Maastrichtian-Danian sandstone, claystone, tuff, marl, clayey limestone (Cankurtaran fm.). Sedimentary, volcanosedimentary units in the Late Paleocene-Quaternary range (Erenler, Kaplica, Melyat, Pazar, Hamidiye formations, and Handuzu, Cagirankaya volcanites) unconformably overlies the MTS. In the study area, Turonian-Maastrichtian basaltic andesitic lavas, pyroclastites and sandstone, micritic limestone, claystone units (Yagmurdere fm.) belonging to TTS are observed, and Early-Middle Eocene sedimentary and volcanosedimentary units (Yedigoze, Coruh formations) unconformably overlies the TTS. According to Ar/Ar dating, Cayrrbag formation was determined as 83.2 +/- 1.0 Ma, Melyat formation as 47.8 +/- 1.6 Ma, and Handuzu volcanics as 4.25 +/- 0.55 Ma for andesite level and as 3.93 +/- 0.46 Ma for dacite level. The MTS was intruded by Cretaceous-Paleocene Kackar granitoid I, Eocene Kackar granitoid II, Late Eocene Ardesen gabbro, while the TTS was intruded by Cretaceous-Paleocene Kackar granitoid-I, Late Eocene Gullubag monzonite

The management of gout in different clinical specialties in Turkey: a patient-based survey

Although gout is potentially curable, the management of this disease is often suboptimal. In this study, we investigated the treatment of gout in Turkey and also compared the management approaches to gout in different clinical specialties. Three hundred and nineteen consecutive patients (mean age 58.60 ± 12.8 years; 44 females, 275 males) were included in this multicenter study. A standardized form was generated to collect data about the patient’s first admission to health care, the specialty of the doctor first diagnosed the gout, the treatment options for gout including attack management, patient referral, chronic treatment including medical treatment, and life style modifications. Forty patients were referred to another center without any treatment (12.8 %), and referral rate is most common among the primary care physicians (28.8 %). Colchicine was more commonly used for attack prophylaxis than allopurinol. Ninety-two patients had never been treated with allopurinol (28.8 %). Allopurinol prescription was less common among the primary care physicians and orthopedists, and highest among the rheumatologists. Recommendation of diet and life style modifications was less common among the primary care physicians and orthopedists, and highest among the rheumatologists. The rates of life style modification recommendation and long-term allopurinol prescription were 83.7 and 77.6 %, respectively, among the rheumatologists. Both acute and chronic management of gout is suboptimal in Turkey especially among the primary care physicians and orthopedists. Moreover, chronic treatment is even suboptimal among rheumatologists. © 2016, International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR)