Fabrication and Characterization of Supercapacitors toward Self-Powered System

Ever increasing energy demand urges to impelled extensive research in the development of new eco-friendly energy harvesting and storage technologies. Energy harvesting technology exploiting renewable energy sources is an auspicious method for sustainable, autonomous, and everlasting operation of a variety of electronic devices. A new concept of an integrated self-powered system by combining an energy harvesting device with an energy storage device has been established to harvest renewable energy and simultaneously store it for sustainable operation of electronic devices. In this chapter, describes the fabrication of a self-powered system by integrating the supercapacitor with energy harvesting devices such as nanogenerator and solar cells to power portable electronic devices. Initially synthesis and electrochemical characterization of various electroactive materials for supercapacitors and further, fabrication of supercapacitor device were discussed. In conclusion, this chapter demonstrates self-powered system by the integration of energy harvesting, energy storage module with portable electronic devices. The various result validates the feasibility of using supercapacitors as efficient energy storage components in self-powered devices. The proposed self-powered technology based on energy conversion of renewable energy to electrical energy which stored in energy storage device and it will be used to operate several electronic devices as a self-powered device

A novel hybrid topology for power quality improvement using multilevel inverter for the reduction of vibration and noise in brushless DC motor for industrial applications

The proposed research involves the design and implementation of a novel hybrid Topology for Power Quality Improvement using Multilevel Inverter to reduce vibration and noise in BLDC motor for industrial applications. The utility of power electronics device plays a vital role for various applications in recent days. Similarly, the power consumption is also important for all processing units. The power electronic devices contain a lot of converters for processing the energy. During such cases, the harmonics are produced in different ways. Hence, a system analysis is necessary to find the problem at conventional methods. Hence the problem is identified on the distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) component module whose harmonics are high, and it is important module for the circuit, hence preventive action to be taken to reduce the harmonics. To limit or reduce the harmonics, it is required to modify the triggering mechanism and control unit of Multi level inverter. Hence, the proposed hybrid method is implemented with the developed H-bridge and diode clamped topology with a brushless dc motor. In addition, the vibrations and the noise level are also reduced due to the reduced total harmonic distortion. The proposed module is simulated on MATLAB Simulink, and an experimental analysis is carried out to verify functionality tools with various operating conditions, the proposed method proves more efficient than the switches and complex networks present in traditional methods

Design and implementation of solar power fed permanent magnet synchronous motor with improved DC-DC converter and power quality improvement using shunt active filter for reducing vibration in drive for industrial applications

The research work proposes, Design and implementation of Solar power fed permanent magnet synchronous motor using improved DC-DC Converter and modified p-q theory based shunt active filter for reducing vibrations in drive for Industrial Applications. The Proposed research consists of both buck and boost converter, linking dc voltage unit and works in discontinuous conduction for boosting the battery life time. The improved converter provides multiple output capability using B4-inverter which reduces the cost of a proposed system considerably. In addition, for the reduction of harmonics in three phase system modified p-q module is enhanced. Comparing with the existing module, modified p-q module act as a triggering module for inverter to reduce harmonics in three phase systems and vibration across the motor, moreover the structured circuit would result in reduction of total harmonic distortion (THD), torque ripples, compact power switches, DC source reckoning and reduced starting current. The simulation of buck boost converter is considered, and its performance parameters were analyzed for different operating conditions. Thus, for industrial applications, the bidirectional converter and inverter fed permanent magnet synchronous motor drive is employed with the reduction in vibration, which is more efficient than conventional method. Here both simulation and experimental setup has been employed with a satisfying closed loop performance

Growth of 2D ZnO Nanowall for Energy Harvesting Application

Here we report a novel and facile way to grow the vertically aligned ZnO nanowall on both sides of the flexible substrate through low- temperature, cost-effective hydrothermal method and their application toward energy harvesting application. The fabricated nanogenerator device structure consists of a ZnO nanowall structure on the both sides of the flexible substrates covered with poly­(methyl methacrylate), and gold (Au) coating on both sides acts as an electrode. The fabricated nanowall nanogenerator produces the maximum output voltage and current of 2.5 V and 80 nA respectively, with maximum power output of 0.2 μW·cm^–2, when folding the device through the finger. Furthermore, we studied the performance of the nanogenerator device with different load resistance. The voltage and current were linearly varied with the load resistance. The maximum power output (37.7 nW·cm^–2) was measured at load resistance of 75 MΩ. The fabricated device showed the capability by driving a commercial green LED and LCD with the help of the capacitor. The experimental results confirmed the ZnO nanowall as a good candidate for energy harvesting application

Comprehensive insight into the mechanism, material selection and performance evaluation of supercapatteries

Electrochemical energy storage devices (EESs) play a crucial role for the construction of sustainable energy storage system from the point of generation to the end user due to the intermittent nature of renewable sources. Additionally, to meet the demand for next-generation electronic applications, optimizing the energy and power densities of EESs with long cycle life is the crucial factor. Great efforts have been devoted towards the search for new materials, to augment the overall performance of the EESs. Although there are a lot of ongoing researches in this field, the performance does not meet up to the level of commercialization. A further understanding of the charge storage mechanism and development of new electrode materials are highly required. The present review explains the overview of recent progress in supercapattery devices with reference to their various aspects. The different charge storage mechanisms and the multiple factors involved in the performance of the supercapattery are described in detail. Moreover, recent advancements in this supercapattery research and its electrochemical performances are reviewed. Finally, the challenges and possible future developments in this field are summarized

Flexible, Hybrid Piezoelectric Film (BaTi_{(1–<i>x</i>)}Zr_<i>x</i>O₃)/PVDF Nanogenerator as a Self-Powered Fluid Velocity Sensor

We demonstrate a flexible piezoelectric nanogenerator (PNG) constructed using a hybrid (or composite) film composed of highly crystalline BaTi_{(1–<i>x</i>)}Zr_<i>x</i>O₃ (<i>x</i> = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2) nanocubes (abbreviated as BTZO) synthesized using a molten-salt process embedded into a poly­(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) matrix solution via ultrasonication. The potential of a BTZO/PVDF hybrid film is realized in fabricating eco-friendly devices, active sensors, and flexible nanogenerators to interpret its functionality. Our strategy is based on the incorporation of various Zr⁴⁺ doping ratios into the Ti⁴⁺ site of BaTiO₃ nanocubes to enhance the performance of the PNG. The flexible nanogenerator (BTZO/PVDF) exhibits a high electrical output up to ∼11.9 V and ∼1.35 μA compared to the nanogenerator (BTO/PVDF) output of 7.99 V and 1.01 μA upon the application of cyclic pushing-releasing frequencies with a constant load (11 N). We also demonstrate another exciting application of the PNG as a self-powered sensor to measure different water velocities at an outlet pipe. The average maximum peak power of the PNG varies from 0.2 to 15.8 nW for water velocities ranging from 31.43 to 125.7 m/s during the water ON condition. This study shows the compositional dependence approach, fabrication of nanostructures for energy harvesting, and self-powered devices in the field of monitoring for remote area applications

Fabrication and feasibility study of polymer-based triboelectric nanogenerator towards blue energy harvesting

The goal of this study was to investigate a new aspect of polymeric film modification used in triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). TENGs were fabricated using fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) and chemically etched nylon films. The FTIR spectra confirmed the retained polymeric nature of the modified nylon films, and the AFM results showed an improvement in the roughness of the film surfaces after chemical treatment. The as-fabricated floatable TENGs delivered an open-circuit voltage of 12 V when subjected to an external force, and could glow a few light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with water waves. The findings of this study will open new prospects for the future development and optimization of polymer-based TENGs for blue energy harvesting