Közép- és kelet-európai nyelvek korpuszalapú többnyelvű terminológiai adatbázisai = Central- and East-European corpus-based multilingual terminological databases

A projekt három témaköre: - terminológia és nyelvpolitika, - kontrasztív nyelvészet, - finnugor nyelvi korpuszok összeállítása. Mindhárom területen folyt - kutatás és/vagy - tudományszervező tevékenység: konferenciák, tudományos publikációk közreadása. Az eredeti elképzeléseknek megfelelően a közép-európai térség nyelveinek és az oroszországi finnugor nyelvek terminológia-alkotására összpontosítottunk. A projekt keretében, az UNESCO magyarországi titkárságával együttműködve létrehoztuk a Magyar Nyelv Terminológiai Tanácsát (MaTT), illetve megalapítottuk a Terminológiai Innovációs Központot (TermIK). Konferenciákat szervezünk kifejezetten e nyelvekre vonatkozó nyelvpolitikai és terminológiai kérdésekről, továbbá a kontrasztív nyelvészet területén (magyar-finn és magyar-észt vonatkozásban) és e konferenciák anyagát, valamint az oroszországi finnugor köztársaságokban megalkotott terminológiai jegyzékeket kiadjuk. Primér kutatást folytatunk az igekötő-rendszerek összehasonlításával (magyar-észt), illetve igekötős és igekötővel nem rendelkező nyelv összevetésével (magyar-cseremisz) - e kutatások anyaga két monográfia formájában 2008-ban megjelenik. Cseremiszből és udmurtból nyelvi korpusz készült. A projekt folytatásának lehetősége: A 2008-ban megalakuló Collegium Fenno-Ugricum intézet egyik profilja az oroszországi finnugor népek nyelvfejlesztési tevékenységének támogatása az oktatás és a terminológia-alkotás terén. | The project covered three areas: - terminology and language policy, - contrastive linguistics, - compilation of Finno-Ugric corpora. Work in each of the three areas involved: - research and/or - academic work: conferences, publication of scientific papers. The project has focussed on the development of terminology for the languages of the Central-European region and the Finno-Ugric languages of Russia. Within the framework of the project the Council of Hungarian Terminology (Magyar Nyelv Terminológiai Tanácsa - MaTT) has been established in cooperation with the Hungarian National Commission for UNESCO, and the Terminology Innovation Centre (Terminológiai Innovációs Központ - TermIK) has been founded. Conferences have been organized on language policy and terminological issues specific to these languages, and on contrastive linguistics (Hungarian-Finnish; Hungarian-Estonian). The proceedings of these conferences and the terminologies worked out in the Finno-Ugric republics of Russia are being published. Primary research was carried out in respect of the comparison of verbal prefix systems (Hungarian-Estonian), and the comparison of languages whith and without verbal prefixes (Hungarian-Cheremis) - the results of these researches will be published as monographies in 2008. A corpus of Cheremis and of Udmurtian has been compiled. Follow-up to the project: One profile of the Collegium Fenno-Ugricum to be founded in 2008 is the support of language development activities in the field of education and terminology creation for the Finno-Ugric peoples of Russia

A krónikus parodontitis, illetve szájnyálkahártya-laesiók előfordulása és súlyossága krónikus obstruktív tüdőbetegségben = Prevalence and severity of chronic parodontitis and oral mucosal lesions in chronic obstructive lung disease

Absztrakt: Bevezetés: A krónikus parodontitis gyakori orális megbetegedés, amely a fogszuvasodástól függetlenül fogvesztéshez vezethet. Egyes szisztémás betegségek (például cukorbetegség, krónikus veseelégtelenség) súlyosbíthatják a krónikus parodontitist. Másrészről ez az orális betegség súlyosbíthat más szisztémás betegségeket. Korábbi vizsgálatok felvetették a krónikus parodontitis és a nagyon súlyos krónikus obstruktív tüdőbetegség (COPD) összefüggését. Célkitűzés: Vizsgálatunk célja a krónikus parodontitis és a krónikus obstruktív tüdőbetegség kapcsolatának vizsgálata volt. Módszer: A vizsgálatokba a pécsi Fogászati és Szájsebészeti Klinika betegeit vontuk be. Az önkénteseket egy COPD-s (n = 29) és egy kontroll- (n = 45) csoportba osztottuk. A COPD-s csoport (FEV1/FVC: 61,52 ± 3,2%) légzésfunkciós értékei GOLD 2 (global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease, FEV1: 52,66 ± 3,57%) súlyossági fokozatnak feleltek meg. A szájüregi egészség felmérésekor átlagos és maximális klinikai tapadásvesztést, fogmobilitást, a szuvas/tömött és hiányzó fogak számát, Löe–Silness-féle, orális higiénés és fogínyvérzési indexet regisztráltunk. Statisztikai analízisre egyutas varianciaanalízist és nem parametrikus Mann–Whitney-féle tesztet alkalmaztunk. Eredmények: A COPD-s csoport szájegészsége rosszabbnak bizonyult a kontrollokénál. Ebben a csoportban magasabbak voltak az átlagos és a maximális tapadásvesztési, fogmobilitási értékek, valamint a Löe–Silness-, az orális higiénés és a fogínyvérzési index. Következtetések: Eredményeink megerősítik a pozitív korrelációt a krónikus parodontitis és a krónikus obstruktív tüdőbetegség közepesen súlyos formái között. Nem tisztázott azonban, hogy a krónikus obstruktív tüdőbetegséghez társuló szisztémás gyulladás hatott-e negatívan a szájüreg állapotára, vagy a parodontitis befolyásolta negatívan a krónikus obstruktív tüdőbetegséget. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(21): 831–836. | Abstract: Introduction: Chronic parodontitis is a prevalent oral disease that may lead to the loss of teeth independently of caries. Some systemic diseases (e.g., diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure) may aggravate chronic parodontitis. On the other hand, this oral disease may aggravate other systemic diseases. Earlier studies suggested a correlation between chronic parodontitis and very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Aim: The aim of our study was the investigation of the correlation between chronic parodontitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Method: We have recruited patients of the Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, in the study. Volunteers were assigned into a COPD (n = 29) and control group (n = 45). Airflow limitation of the COPD group (FEV1/FVC: 61.52 ± 3.2%) corresponded to GOLD 2 (global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease; FEV1: 52.66 ± 3.57%). Oral health assessment included mean and maximal clinical attachment loss, mobility of teeth, decayed/filled and missing teeth, Löe–Silness, oral hygiene and bleeding on probing indexes. One-way ANOVA and non-parametric Mann–Whitney tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: Oral health of the COPD group was worse than that of the controls. In this group the mean and maximal clinical attachment loss, mobility of teeth, the Löe–Silness, the oral hygiene and bleeding on probing indexes were higher. Conclusions: Our results confirm the positive correlation between chronic parodontitis and a moderate level of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, it is not clear whether the COPD-associated systemic inflammation aggravated the oral status or the chronic parodontitis influenced negatively chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(21): 831–836

Intranasal Delivery of a Methyllanthionine-Stabilized Galanin Receptor-2-Selective Agonist Reduces Acute Food Intake

The regulatory (neuro)peptide galanin is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems, where it mediates its effects via three G protein-coupled receptors (GAL(1-3)R). Galanin has a vast diversity of biological functions, including modulation of feeding behavior. However, the clinical application of natural galanin is not practicable due to its rapid in vivo breakdown by peptidases and lack of receptor subtype specificity. Much effort has been put into the development of receptor-selective agonists and antagonists, and while receptor selectivity has been attained to some degree, most ligands show overlapping affinity. Therefore, we aimed to develop a novel ligand with specificity to a single galanin receptor subtype and increased stability. To achieve this, a lanthionine amino acid was enzymatically introduced into a galanin-related peptide. The residue’s subsequent cyclization created a conformational constraint which increased the peptide’s receptor specificity and proteolytic resistance. Further exchange of certain other amino acids resulted in a novel methyllanthionine-stabilized galanin receptor agonist, a G1pE-T3N-S6A-G12A-methyllanthionine[13–16]-galanin-(1–17) variant, termed M89b. M89b has exclusive specificity for GAL(2)R and a prolonged half-life in serum. Intranasal application of M89b to unfasted rats significantly reduced acute 24 h food intake inducing a drop in body weight. Combined administration of M89b and M871, a selective GAL(2)R antagonist, abolished the anorexigenic effect of M89b, indicating that the effect of M89b on food intake is indeed mediated by GAL(2)R. This is the first demonstration of in vivo activity of an intranasally administered lanthipeptide. Consequently, M89b is a promising candidate for clinical application as a galanin-related peptide-based therapeutic. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13311-021-01155-x

Időskori anorexia, sarcopenia: orexigén és anorexigén peptidek energetikai hatásainak változása az életkorral rágcsálókban = Anorexia of aging, sarcopenia: age-dependent changes in the effects of orexigenic and anorexigenic peptides on energy homeostasis in rodents

Az alpha-MSH, a melanocortin rendszer endogén agonistája intracerebroventricularisan (ICV) adva katabolikus hatású: gátolja a spontán és a 24-h éheztetéssel kiváltott táplálékfelvételt (FI-t) (anorexigén) és biotelemetriás mérések szerint fokozza az anyagcserét és a testhőmérsékletet (Tc-t). Hőszabályozási hatásai nem koordináltak, mert az anyagcserével együtt a hőleadást is fokozza, ami a Tc emelkedését limitálja, ill. az LPS-lázat csökkenti. Anorexigén hatása korfüggő: a fiatal felnőtt (3-4 hó) patkányban kimutatott erős hatás 6-12-hónapos (középkorú) állatokban fokozatosan gyengül, majd öregekben (18-24 hó) maximális lesz. A 7-napos ICV infúzió eredményei ezt megerősítik, viszont azt is igazolják, hogy a peptid metabolikus hatásai nem párhuzamosan változnak az anorexigén hatásokkal. Kimutattuk, hogy az alpha-MSH anorexigén hatása normálisan táplált, kalóriarestrikciós és high-fat-diet által elhizlalt 6-hónapos állatokban hasonló volt, tehát az előzőekben leírt érzékenység-változások valóban a kortól és nem a testösszetételtől függtek. A CRF-el eddig elért eredményeink nagymértékben hasonlítanak az alpha-MSH-val elértekhez. Az orexigén NPY 12-hónapos állatokban hatásosabb, mint a 3 hónaposakban, viszont a 24 hónaposakban sokkal kisebb FI-t indukál. Mindezek elősegíthetik a középkorúak elhízását és az öregek anorexiáját és sarcopeniáját. | The intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of alpha-MSH, the endogenous agonist of the melanocortin system has catabolic effects: it inhibits the spontaneous and fasting-induced food intake (anorexic) and elevates metabolic rate and body temperature (Tc). Its thermoregulatory effects are uncoordinated: heat loss is enhanced together with the rise in metabolic rate, thereby limiting the rise in Tc or inhibiting LPS-fever. The anorexic effects are age-dependent: the strong effect seen in young adult (3-4 months) rats gradually decreases by the age of 6-12 months ('middle-age'), then it becomes very pronounced in old (18-24 months) rats. Results of a 7 day-long ICV infusion confirm these data, but also demonstrate that the changes in metabolic and anorexic effects are not parallel. The anorexic effect was similar in normally fed, calorie-restricted and high fat diet-induced obese 6 month-old rats, proving that the previously seen changes in the anorexic effects of the peptide are due to aging and not to body composition. Results of studies with CRF greatly resemble those gained with alpha-MSH. The orexigenic NPY is more effective in 12 than in 3 month-old rats, but its efficacy significantly decreases by the age of 24 months. All these may contribute to the development of obesity in middle-aged and anorexia/sarcopenia in old rats

Maternal overnutrition impairs offspring's insulin sensitivity: A systematic review and meta-analysis

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the association between maternal overnutrition and offspring's insulin sensitivity-following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses statement. Studies published in English before April 22, 2019, were identified through searches of four medical databases. After selection, 15 studies aiming to explore the association between prepregnancy body mass index (ppBMI) or gestational weight gain (GWG) of non-diabetic mothers and their offspring's insulin sensitivity (fasting insulin or glucose level and Homeostatic Measurement Assessment for Insulin Resistance [HOMA-IR]) were included in the meta-analysis. Associations of ppBMI and GWG with offspring's insulin sensitivity were analysed by pooling regression coefficients or standardized differences in means with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Maternal ppBMI showed significant positive correlations with the level of both fasting insulin and HOMA-IR in offspring (standardized regression coefficient for fasting insulin: 0.107, CI [0.053, 0.160], p < 0.001 and that for HOMA-IR: 0.063, CI [0.006, 0.121], p = 0.031). However, the result of the analysis on coefficients adjusted for offspring's actual anthropometry (BMI and adiposity) was not significant. Independent from ppBMI, GWG tended to show a positive correlation with insulin level, but not after adjustment for offspring's anthropometry. Offspring of mothers with excessive GWG showed significantly higher HOMA-IR than those of mothers with optimal GWG (p = 0.004). Our results demonstrate that both higher ppBMI and GWG increase the risk of offspring's insulin resistance, but the effect of ppBMI on insulin sensitivity in offspring may develop as consequence of their adiposity

Academia Europaea Position Paper on Translational Medicine: The Cycle Model for Translating Scientific Results into Community Benefits

Translational science has gained prominence in medicine, but there is still much work to be done before scientific results are used optimally and incorporated into everyday health practice. As the main focus is still on generating new scientific data with financial resources primarily available for that purpose, other activities that are necessary in the transition from research to community benefit are considered less needy. The European Statistical Office of the European Commission has recently reported that 1.7 million people under 75 years of age died in Europe in 2016, with around 1.2 million of those deaths being avoidable through effective primary prevention and public health intervention. Therefore, Academia Europaea, one of the five Pan-European networks that form SAPEA (Science Advice for Policy by European Academies), a key element of the European Commission's Scientific Advice Mechanism (SAM), has launched a project to develop a model to facilitate and accelerate the utilisation of scientific knowledge for public and community benefit.During the process, leaders in the field, including prominent basic and clinical researchers, editors-in-chief of high-impact journals publishing translational research articles, translational medicine (TM) centre leaders, media representatives, academics and university leaders, developed the TM cycle, a new model that we believe could significantly advance the development of TM.This model focuses equally on the acquisition of new scientific results healthcare, understandable and digestible summation of results, and their communication to all participants. We have also renewed the definition in TM, identified challenges and recommended solutions.The authors, including senior officers of Academia Europaea, produced this document to serve as a basis for revising thinking on TM with the end result of enabling more efficient and cost-effective healthcare

Pregnancy outcomes of women whom spouse fathered children after tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy for chronic myeloid leukemia : A systematic review

The introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has revolutionized the therapy of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Although the efficacy of TKIs is beyond dispute, conception-related safety issues are still waiting to be explored, particularly in males. This systematic review aimed to summarize all available evidence on pregnancy outcomes of female spouses of male CML patients who fathered children after TKI treatment for CML.We performed a systematic search in seven electronic databases for studies that reported on male CML patients who did or did not discontinue TKI treatment before conceiving, and the pregnancy outcomes of their female spouse are available. The search centered on the TKI era (from 2001 onward) without any other language or study design restrictions.Out of a total of 38 potentially eligible papers, 27 non-overlapping study cohorts were analyzed. All were descriptive studies (case or case series studies). Altogether, 428 pregnancies from 374 fathers conceived without treatment discontinuation, 400 of which (93.5%) ended up in a live birth. A total of ten offspring with a malformation (2.5%) were reported: six with imatinib (of 313 live births, 1.9%), two with nilotinib (of 26 live births, 7.7%), one with dasatinib (of 43 live births, 2.3%), and none with bosutinib (of 12 live births). Data on CML status were scarcely reported. Only nine pregnancies (from nine males) and no malformation were reported in males who discontinued TKI treatment before conception.Malformations affected, on average 2.5% of live births from fathers who did not discontinue TKI treatment before conception, which is comparable with the rate of malformations in the general population. Large-scale studies with representative samples are awaited to confirm our results

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide ameliorates vascular dysfunction induced by hyperglycaemia

BACKGROUND: Short-lasting hyperglycaemia occurs frequently in prediabetes and poorly controlled diabetes mellitus leading to vascular damage. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) has been shown to play a protective role in vascular complications of diabetes; moreover, antioxidant effects of PACAP were also described. Therefore, we hypothesized that PACAP exerts protective effects in short-term hyperglycaemia-induced vascular dysfunctions. METHODS: After short-term hyperglycaemia, acetylcholine-induced and sodium nitroprusside-induced vascular relaxation of mouse carotid arteries were tested with a myograph with or without the presence of PACAP or superoxide dismutase. Potential direct antioxidant superoxide-scavenging action of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide was tested with pyrogallol autoxidation assay; furthermore, the effect of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide or superoxide dismutase was investigated on hyperglycaemia-associated vascular markers. RESULTS: PACAP administration resulted in reduced endothelial dysfunction after a 1-h hyperglycaemic episode. PACAP was able to restore acetylcholine-induced relaxation of the vessels and improved sodium nitroprusside-induced relaxation. This effect was comparable to the protective effect of superoxide dismutase, but PACAP was unable to directly scavenge superoxide produced by autoxidation of pyrogallol. Endothelial dysfunction was associated with elevated levels of fibroblast growth factor basic, matrix metalloproteinase 9 and nephroblastoma overexpressed gene proteins. Their release was reduced by PACAP administration. CONCLUSION: These results suggest a strong protective role of PACAP in the vascular complications of diabetes