Activities of Soviet Information Bureau abroad during Great Patriotic War: Effectiveness and Ideological Priorities

The article provides an overview of the main arguments by which the author defines the key role of the Soviet Information Bureau in the deployment of Soviet information and propaganda activities in the international arena during the Great Patriotic war. The paper contains a detailed description of the leading direction of the impact of this state organization on the public opinion of the alliance and neutral countries; it refers to the preparation and placement on the pages of foreign media of thousands of articles, essays, reports, etc. The author draws attention to the discrepancy between the huge number of texts prepared by the Information Bureau for foreign media and their low quality, that is, having clearly insufficient propaganda impact on foreign readers. Based on the analysis of the documents found in the archives, it was concluded that most of the materials sent abroad were not published. The researcher points to the reasons for the lack of adaptation of articles and essays of the Soviet Information Bureau to the requirements of the Western information market; among them there are ideological engagement of authors, lack of highly professional staff of writers and journalists, formalism in the work of the Soviet Information Bureau. However, the author emphasizes the importance of the initiatives of the Soviet Information Bureau for the international promotion of outstanding achievements of the Soviet people in the struggle against fascism

Evaluating the effectiveness of tax incentives in order to create a modern tax mechanism innovation development

This article examines the current state of the system of tax incentives in the Russian Federation (RF), aimed at promoting innovation. It is noted that over the past five years, the significant changes have been introduced into the Tax Code of the Russian Federation (the Tax Code) to stimulate innovation. However, so far, the efforts of the State have not given any tangible results, and the system of tax incentives is still not self-sufficient and effective for controlling of the innovation process. At the moment, the measures in the main lines of the tax policy of the Russian Federation for 2014 and for the planning period of 2015 and 2016 are less diverse than those, realized in the previous period, since the efficiency level on innovation is not quite known. The main emphasis, now, is put on the monitoring program of tax benefits as the existing problem of low efficiency is recognized by all levels of government, and the particular changes in the system of tax incentives for innovation can not solve it by themselves. The authors analyze the advantages and disadvantages of existing tax benefits from the viewpoints of both business entities and the state. The necessity and possibility of evaluation of the effectiveness of tax incentives is considered, and, in this regard, it is proposed to develop a system of evaluation criteria allowing, firstly, the assessment of the degree of relief influence on the tax burden of business entities, engaged in innovative activities, and, secondly, determination of the benefits influence on the level of budget revenues

Asymptotic estimation of some multiple integrals and the electromagnetic deuteron form factors at high momentum transfer

A theorem about asymptotic estimation of multiple integral of a special type is proved for the case when the integrand peaks at the integration domain bound, but not at a point of extremum. Using this theorem the asymptotic expansion of the electromagnetic deuteron form factors at high momentum transfers is obtained in the framework of two-nucleon model in both nonrelativistic and relativistic impulse approximations. It is found that relativistic effects slow down the decrease of deuteron form factors and result in agreement between the relativistic asymptotics and experimental data at high momentum transfers.Comment: 16 pages, 1 figur

Morphometric characteristics of the external diameter of fallopian tube funnel at different periods of life in parous women

The lack of accurate information in the scientific literature highlighting the parameters of the fallopian tube funnel in the period from adolescence to old age was the reason for performing this work.The aim of the study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the parameters of the external diameter of the fallopian tube funnel in women who gave birth in the period from adolescence to old age using autopsy specimens.Material and methods. The work was based on the results of a morphometric study of both fallopian tubes in 126 women aged 16 to 88 years who had given birth and were divided into five groups (Group I comprised 24 women in their early teens, Group II comprised 26 women in their first adulthood, Group III comprised 23 women in their second adulthood, Group IV comprised 28 elderly women, Group V comprised 25 senile women.Results. The parameters of the external diameter of the fallopian tubes of women in the period from adolescence to old age have no statistically reliable differences; there is a tendency for the values to increase with age. Comparative analysis of values of the external diameter of the right and left fallopian tubes funnels showed statistically reliable predominance of the right fallopian tube funnel parameters in adolescence and old age. In the first and second periods of adulthood and old age, no statistically significant difference in the parameters of the external diameter of the funnel of the right fallopian tube was found; the tendency to the predominance of the funnel diameter values of the right fallopian tube in comparison with the left one was noted.Conclusions. The parameters of the external diameter of the fallopian tubes funnel in the period from adolescence to old age serve as reference values of the age morphological norm in women who have given birth, supplementing the currently available scientific data on the peculiarities of fallopian tube structure. These results can be applied to prospective basic and clinical research

The thickness of the ventricles and interventricular septum in males with overweight according to echocardiography

Introduction. Mortality from cardiovascular disease ranks first in the world. New and high requirements are required for the anatomical substantiation of emerging methods and methods of treatment. In modern literature, there are many publications on the issues of heart morphology, but data on the influence of gender, age, body weight on heart parameters are insufficient, fragmentary and often contradictory.Objective. To determine the thickness of the ventricles and interventricular septum in overweight men when performing echocardiography and to assess the presence or absence of the relationship of these parameters with age and body mass index (BMI) of the subjects. Patients and methods. The analysis of the protocols of ultrasound examination of the heart of 68 apparently healthy men of adolescence, the first and second periods of adulthood with a body mass index of 25.0–29.9 kg/m², with no pulmonary and cardiac pathology and the risk of cardiovascular diseases was carried out. Ultrasound examination was performed on an Aloka ProSound Alpha 6 ultrasound scanner. Results and discussion. When comparing the mean values of heart parameters in overweight men in three age groups according to the Kruskell – Wallis criterion, no statistically significant differences were found between the mean values (p > 0.05). Revealed a moderate strength relationship between the thickness of the anterior wall of the right ventricle with the age of the subject (r = 0.375; p = 0.020) and moderate strength relationship between the thickness of the posterior wall of the left ventricle and BMI (r = 0.352; p = 0.030).Conclusions. The  results of  the  study supplement the  information available in  the  scientific literature on the  thickness of  the  ventricles of  the  heart and the  interventricular septum in  healthy men with overweight in  three age groups. The data obtained will be useful to doctors of functional diagnostics when performing echocardiography in matters of differentiation between norm and pathology

A theoretical model of a wake of a body towed in a stratified fluid at large Reynolds and Froude numbers

International audienceThe objective of the present paper is to develop a theoretical model describing the evolution of a turbulent wake behind a towed sphere in a stably stratified fluid at large Froude and Reynolds numbers. The wake flow is considered as a quasi two-dimensional (2-D) turbulent jet flow whose dynamics is governed by the momentum transfer from the mean flow to a quasi-2-D sinuous mode growing due to hydrodynamic instability. The model employs a quasi-linear approximation to describe this momentum transfer. The model scaling coefficients are defined with the use of available experimental data, and the performance of the model is verified by comparison with the results of a direct numerical simulation of a 2-D turbulent jet flow. The model prediction for the temporal development of the wake axis mean velocity is found to be in good agreement with the experimental data obtained by Spedding (1997)

Thickness of the ventricles and interventricular septum in men and women of the mesomorphic body type with normal body mass index according to echocardiography

The aim of the study was to establish the thickness of the ventricles and interventricular septum in individuals of the mesomorphic body type with a normal body mass index according to echocardiography and to assess the presence or absence of a relationship of these parameters with the gender and age of the subjects. Material and methods. The analysis of the protocols of ultrasound examination of the heart of 202 conditionally healthy persons of adolescence, the first and second periods of adulthood of the mesomorphic body type with a body mass index of 18.5–24.99 kg/m² was carried out. They have no pulmonary and cardiac pathology and risks of cardiovascular diseases. All subjects were divided into three age groups according to the age periodization of human ontogenesis (Moscow, 1965). Echocardiography was performed using a scanner Aloka ProSound Alpha 6. Results. The thicknesses of the anterior wall of the right ventricle, the posterior wall of the left ventricle, and the interventricular septum in women of the second period of adulthood is greater, than in young girl and women of the first period of adulthood (p ˂ 0.05); the thickness of the interventricular septum in men of the second period of adulthood is greater, than in young men and men of the first period of adulthood (p ˂ 0.05). It has been established that the thickness of the anterior wall of the right ventricle and interventricular septum depends on person gender: it is greater in men. In women, moderate correlation was found between the thickness of both the left ventricle (r = 0.425; p < 0.001) and the right (r = 0.411; p < 0.001) with age. A direct relationship (moderate strength) of the thickness of the interventricular septum with age (r = 0.331; p = 0.014) was found in men. Conclusion. The results of this morphological study supplement the information available in the scientific literature on the thickness of the ventricles of the heart and interventricular septum in a conditionally healthy person of the mesomorphic body type with a normal body mass index

Several Problems and Prospects of Development of Accessible Tourism and Hotel Economy in Ukraine

The main aim of the article is analyzing the conformity of hotels and similar means of accommodation with requirements for the development of accessible tourism in Ukraine, as well as the analysis of specialized websites with information about hotels and similar accommodation facilities with a view of presence of places and/or rooms for persons with disabilities and sedentary groups of the population. The article discusses problems of development of accessible tourism in Ukraine on the example of hotel economy and their conformity with international and national requirements with a view of presence of conditions for persons with disabilities and sedentary groups of population, and also websites for reservation that act as an information intermediary between potential customers and hotels when planning a trip. The conformity of hotels with normative acts on provision of services and availability of relevant information on the websites of hotel reservation in Kharkiv region is analyzed in terms of the concept of «accessible tourism». It is concluded that the hotel segment of the tourism market has a great potential for the development of accessible tourism. In case of creation of the specified conditions for realization of accessible tourism it will be possible to increase tourist stream at the expense of tourists who earlier had no opportunity to visit Ukraine due to absence of necessary conditions that, in turn, will allow to further strengthen the integration of the Ukrainian tourism market into the global

Comparative characteristics of uterine size in the frst period of adulthood and old age according to ultrasound examination

The aim of the study was to carry out a comparative analysis of the linear size of the uterus in women during the frst period of adulthood and old age according to ultrasound examination data. Material and methods. The study was based on the results of ultrasound examination of 53 women with normal pelvic dimensions who were examined at the gynecology department of the Perm Krai Clinical Hospital during the period from 2021 to 2022. All the women consented to the examination, which was performed according to the indications in order to exclude probable pathology of the reproductive system. The ultrasound examination consisted of measuring the longitudinal (length), transverse (width) and anteroposterior (thickness) dimensions of the uterus using transvaginal access. Women were divided into two groups: the frst group consisted of 27 subjects of the frst period of mature age (22 to 35 years), the second group included 26 subjects of advanced age (75 to 88 years). Results. When comparing the indicators of uterine size, their statistically signifcant decrease from the frst period of adulthood to old age: uterine length decreased by 54.5 % (p < 0.001), width – by 57.8 % (p < 0.001), thickness – by 67.8 % (p < 0.001). We believe that this pattern can be substantiated by the onset of postmenopause and a decrease in estrogenic hormone content from reproductive age to senile age. Conclusions. The obtained results of the intravital comparative analysis of the uterus linear dimensions in women of the frst period of adulthood and old age expand the scientifc ideas about age-related features of this organ of the reproductive system, are the basis for further research and can be used by physicians of clinical specialties such as gynecology, gerontology, ultrasound diagnostics