The Aquatic Environment Protection through Criminal Law

Over the recent years, amid unprecedented industry development, the environmentalprotection was a major objective for all EU member governments, including Romania. To thispurpose, at the level of the European Union there have been adopted a series of laws designed toensure a coherent set of legal rules, including in the criminal law. In this context, Romania, in order tomeet the commitments in this area, and also following the needs of environmental protectionobjectives, adopted in turn a legislative package in the field; the most important piece of legislation isthe Government Emergency Ordinance no. 195/2005 on environmental protection. The mentionednormative act provides a series of criminal sanctions where a series of facts found by the legalauthorities are likely to endanger the life or human health, animal or plant. In this paper there areexamined in general the main criminal facts relating to defending and protecting the aquaticenvironment, particularly the Danube, as provided in the mentioned legislative act. We also presenteda series of critical remarks aimed at improving the legislation and thus ensuring a better protection ofthe aquatic environment

Antimicrobial resistance in clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Introduction. Pseudomonas aeruginosastands out as a predominant pathogen causing nosocomial infections, particularly in patients with underlying pathologies or compromised immune systems. The eradication of P. aeruginosahas become increasingly challenging, given its remarkable resistance to antibiotics. Strains of P. aeruginosadeploy both intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms, making them formidable against a wide array of antibiotics. Furthermore, adaptive antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa, a recently characterized mechanism, involves biofilm-mediated resistance and the formation of multidrug-tolerant persisted cells, contributing to infection relapse. Carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa has been identified by the World Health Organization as one of three bacterial species urgently requiring the development of new antibiotics. The overuse of antibiotics in treatment exacerbates the development of multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosastrains, rendering empirical antibiotic therapy ineffective against this microorganism. Aim. Determination of resistance profiles in Pseudomonas aeruginosastrains isolated from clinical bio substrates. Material and methods.The antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of P. aeruginosa isolates were determined using the standard disk diffusion method, following the guidelines outlined by the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST 2022). An isolate was classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR) if it demonstrated resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent in three or more distinct antibiotic classes. For quality control, the reference strain P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) was employed. Results. They analyzed 765 isolates from patients hospitalized in surgical wards. These strains were isolated from various pathological products, including the lower respiratory tract, pus, peritoneal fluid, urine, central venous catheter insertion, blood, feces, bile, and other secretions. P. aeruginosa strains exhibited the following levels of antibiotic resistance: 90.3% to ticarcillin, 78.5% to piperacillin, and 89.6%, respectively 66.8%, to penicillin’scombined with beta-lactamase inhibitors (ticarcillin with clavulanic acid and piperacillin with tazobactam). Resistance to antipseudomonal cephalosporins was observed at 67.6% for ceftazidime and 69.2% for cefepime, while resistance to carbapenems was 68.0% for imipenem and 58.2% for meropenem. Aminoglycoside resistance rates were 52.0% for gentamicin, 67.6% for tobramycin, and 46.4% for amikacin. Notably, 78.5% of strains exhibited cross-resistance to fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, norfloxacin), while resistance to colistin was only 8.4%. A significant majority, 697 strains of P. aeruginosa (91.0%), were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR). Conclusions.The restricted susceptibility to antimicrobial agents and the frequent emergence of antibiotic resistance during therapy have significantly complicated the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. Consequently, continuous monitoring of drug resistance development in this organism group is of paramount importance. Additionally, the prudent and careful use of antimicrobial agents is imperative to counteract the progression of antimicrobial resistance

Features of reproductive function in viral hepatitis and diabetes mellitus: review

Viral hepatitis, accompanied by diabetes, is one of the most common pathologies that can have a negative impact on reproductive function. The purpose of the article is to identify the features of changes in the functioning of the reproductive system in this combined pathology. The relationship between psycho-emotional changes that arise as a result of the above-mentioned diseases and reproductive function is also considered

Нанотехнологии в медицине (наномедицина)

Nanotechnology in medicine (nanomedicine)Nanotehnologia implică noțiunea de a vedea și de a controla atomii individuali și moleculele. Totul pe Pământ este alcătuit din atomi, alimentele pe care le mâncăm, hainele pe care le purtăm, clădirile în care trăim, și chiar corpurile noastre. Nanomedicina – este o ramură a nanotehnologiei și este definită ca ”monitorizarea, repararea, construcția și controlul sistemelor biologice umane la nivel molecular, folosind nanodispozitive de inginerie și nanoconstrucții”. Există potențial pentru aplicarea nanoroboților în medicină ce include diagnosticarea precoce și orientarea pe administrarea a medicamentelor pentru cancer, diabet, chirurgie, monitorizarea farmacocinetică, instrumente biomediacale. Cuvinte-cheie: nanotehnologia, nanomedicina, nanoroboți, diagnostic precoce, cancer, chirurgie.Нанотехнологии в медицине (наномедицина

Antimicrobial and antifungal activity of Cu(II) and Bi(III) complexes based on aminopolycarboxylate ions and 2-formyl and 2-acetylpyridine thiosemicarbazones

Moldova State University, Republic of Moldova, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of MoldovaIntroduction. The biological properties of thiosemicarbazones are often related to metal coordination, which as result affects lipophilicity that controls the rate of entry into the cell. Metal complexes are generally more active than the free ligand, or the metal complex can be a vehicle for activation of the ligand as the cytotoxic agent. Among biologically active metal compounds, copper (II) complexes with 2-formyl and 2-acetylpyridine thiosemicarbazones proved to be among the most potent antiviral, antitumor and anti-inflammatory agents. Bismuth compounds have been widely used in medicine for more than two centuries due to their high effectiveness and low toxicity. In the antimicrobial realm, applications have been widespread, due to bismuth antiseptic, astringent, protective, antacid, antisecretory and local gastrointestinal properties. Material and methods. The research is focused on the synthesis and biological activity investigation of homometallic and heterometallic coordination compounds with 2-formyl (HFopytsc) and 2-acetylpyridine (HAcpytsc) thiosemicarbazones of general formulas {Cu(Fo/Acpytsc)}2Cu(APC)·nH2O, Cu(HFo/Acpytsc)Cu(APC)·nH2O and Bi(HAPC)(HAcpytsc)m·nH2O. Targeting at getting synergistic biological effect, three series of heterometallic coordination compounds of general formula {Cu(Fo/Acpytsc)}Bi(APC)·nH2O with aminopolycarboxylate (APC) ions have been synthesized (n=1- 9; m=1 or 2; APC=ethylenediaminetetraacetate (edta4-), 1,2-cyclohexanediaminetetraacetate (cdta4-) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (dtpa5-). The composition and structures of the complexes have been determined by means of elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray diffraction study. Results. The antimicrobial activity of the complexes was evaluated against three bacterial strains, Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Acinetobacter baumannii (BAA-747) Determination of the MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration, mg/mL) and MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration, mg/mL) was carried out by using serial dilutions in liquid broth method. The results demonstrated that Staphylococcus aureus was the most susceptible to the considered compounds. In this case, the values of MIC and MBC vary, ranging from 0.001 to 0.5 mg/mL, indicating high to moderate activity of the compounds. Conclusions. Generally, complexes based on 2-acetylpyridine thiosemicarbazone and edta4- ion, both homo and heterometallic, are more active than the analogues with other APC ligands. The highest antimicrobial activity was displayed by Cu (II) homometallic complex based on 2-acetylpyridine thiosemicarbazone (0.001 mg/mL), followed by its heterometallic Cu (II)-Bi (III) analogue with edta4- ion. Among the complexes with 2- formylpyridine thiosemicarbazone, the derivative of Cu (II) with 4-phenylthiosemicarbazone and edta4- ions displays an activity close to the one displayed by the 2-acetylpyridine representatives

INFLUENCE OF CALCIUM ON EGG PRODUCTIVITY OF INDUSTRIAL POULTRY FARMING

Modern poultry farming is the earliest and most dynamically developing branch of the agro-industrial complex, characterized by high egg productivity and the lowest cost per unit of production, which occupies a significant share in the nutrition of the population. With calcium deficiency, laying hens are prone to various deformations and bone fractures, which makes it one of the most important problems in industrial egg production. In order to avoid the negative effects of calcium deficiency on the egg production and bone system of birds, there is a need for an integrated multifactorial approach

Malignant melanoma metastasis in the pancreas complicated by mechanical jaundice and upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGB). Clinical case

Rezumat Introducere. Metastazele de melanom malign în pancreas, cu dezvoltarea icterului, implicarea duodenului și hemoragie digestivă superioară sunt cazuistice. Metastazele tumorale în pancreas se întâlnesc într-o proporție de 2-5% , iar metastazele de melanom malign în mai puțin de 1% cazuri. Rezecțiile duodenopancreatice, singulare sau în cadrul terapiei complexe, rezolvă complicațiile, sporind supravețuirea și îmbunătățind calitatea vieții. Scopul articolului este în a demonstra rezolvarea complicațiilor metastazelor în cefalopancreas prin rezecții duodenopancreatice. Prezentare de caz. Este prezentat un caz de metastază de melanom malign în cefalopancreas, complicat cu icter obstructiv și hemoragie digestivă superioară . Pacientul de 39 ani a suportat rezecție de intestin subțire pentru ocluzie intestinală, demonstrat că a fost cauzată de metastaze de mielom în nodulii limfatici mezentreriali. Se spitalizează peste un an pentru icter mecanic și hemoragie digestivă superioară, fiind diagnosticate că ar fi cauzate de metastază de melanom în cefalopancreas. Se efectuează rezecția duodenopancreatică Whipple, urmată de o evoluție fără complicații. Este supravegheat 18 luni. Ulterior, urmează terapie adjuvantă. Actualmente activează, într-o stare generala satisfăcătoare. Concluzie. Rezecția pancreasului purtător de metastaze de melanom malign este posibilă, deși, într-un număr restrâns de cazuri. Poartă un aspect paliativ, mai rar radical, indicația operatorie de bază fiind complicațiile icterice și hemoragice.Summary Introduction. Metastases of malignant melanoma in the pancreas, with the development of jaundice, involvement of the duodenum and upper gastrointestinal bleeding are casuistic. Tumor metastases in the pancreas are found in a proportion of 2-5%, and metastases of malignant melanoma in less than 1% of cases. Duodenopancreatic resections single or in complex therapy, resolve complications, increasing survival and improving quality of life. The purpose of the article is to show the resolution of metastatic complications in the cephalopancreas by duodenopancreatic resections. Case presentation. It is presented a case of a malignant melanoma metastasis in the cephalopancreas, complicated by obstructive jaundice and upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The 39-year-old patient underwent small bowel resection for bowel obstruction, which was shown to be caused by myeloma metastases in the mesentery lymph nodes. He was hospitalized after one year or mechanical jaundice and upper gastrointestinal bleeding, being diagnosed with melanoma metastasis to the cephalopancreas. There was performed the Whipple procedure (or pancreaticoduodenectomy) followed by an evolution without complications. He has been under surveillance for 18 months. Currently active, in a satisfactory general condition. Conclusions. Resection of the pancreas with malignant melanoma metastases is possible, though, in a small number of cases. It has a palliative aspect, less radical, the basic operative indication being the jaundice and hemorrhagic complications

MIGRENA CRONICĂ LA PACIENȚII ADULȚI ÎN FUNCȚIE DE ATMOSFERA NOCIVĂ DIN FAMILIE ÎN PERIOADA COPILĂRIEI. ROLUL TULBURĂRILOR DE PERSONALITATE

Atmosfera nocivă din familie în perioada copilăriei are un impact profund în evoluția migrenei și cronicizarea ei în perioada matură a pacienților. Una din problemele nerezolvate, discutată în publicațiile internaționale, este rolul Tulburări de personalitate Borderline la pacieții cu migrenă ca factor de cronicizare a migrenei. În studiul nostru a fost analizat un lot de pacienți cu Migrenă, format din 177 de persoane. Am extras pacienții cu Tulburare de Personalitate Borderline și Migrenă, pentru comparație cu pacienții cu Migrenă fără Tulburarea Borderline. Diferența statistică este semnificativă (P<0,05)

Evaluarea riscului expunerii la radon în condiţiile Republicii Moldova

În lucrare sunt prezentate rezultatele monitorizării în perioada anilor 1991–2006 a concentraţiilor de radon în probele de aer prelevate din diverse încăperi de pe teritoriul Republicii Moldova. Studiul a demonstrat că în majoritatea cazurilor concentraţiile de 222Rn (92,0...179,1 Bq/m3) nu au depăşit nivelul maxim admisibil. Cuantifi carea concentraţiilor de 222Rn în probele de aer prelevate din subteranele de păstrare a vinului de la Cricova, galeriile subterane din mun. Chişinău şi din s. Mileştii Mici, unele mine din or. Orhei a înregistrat valori ale concentraţiilor (200...1800 Bq/m3) ce depăşesc nivelul maxim admisibil, ceea ce impune necesitatea unei monitorizări în dinamică cu elaborarea hărţilor pentru concentraţiile de 222Rn

Osteosynthesis in multiple fractures in children

State University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Nicolae Testemițanu", Republic of Moldova, MSPI DH Comrat, MSPI DH Teleneşti, MSPI MTA „Buiucani”, MSPI DH Orhei, Republic of Moldova, Al VIII-lea Congres Naţional de Ortopedie și Traumatologie cu participare internaţională 12-14 octombrie 2016Objective of study. To estimate the surgical treatment tactics and technique in multiple fractures in children in order to improve results. Material and methods. Over the past 25 years 131 children with multiple fractures of long bones received specialized treatment in the pediatric orthopedic clinic. There was prevalence of male patients (59.5%) aged over 10 years (65.6%). Of the total number of children, 294 fractures were assessed. Of them, 81 femoral fractures, 66 forearm fractures, 65 leg fractures, 60 arm fractures and others. Fractures due to road accidents prevailed (over 52%). After clinical and laboratory examinations carried out in intensive care unit and necessary preparation, the children were subjected to surgery under general anesthesia in order to appropriately reposition fragments and to perform osteosynthesis (except 29 fractures without displacement of fragments). Results. In metaphyseal, epi-metaphyseal, epiphyseal, and metaphyseal-diaphyseal fractures osteosynthesis was performed with Kirschner pins through cross insertion. In all operated cases fragments were consolidated without complications. Intramedullary osteosynthesis with metal rods, especially elastic ones was used in transversal diaphyseal fractures of the femur and forearm; while in oblique and spiroid diaphyseal fractures, osteosynthesis was additionally associated with cerclage wiring. Stable osteosynthesis was performed with the external Ilizarov apparatus in diaphyseal fractures of the leg. In diaphyseal humeral fractures, osteosynthesis was performed with elastic rods or Ilizarov pins, using the principles of TEN method. In open fractures, after primary surgical wound treatment, osteosynthesis was performed with pins or external devices. Discussions. The outcomes of surgical treatment in multiple fractures directly depend on the location of fractures, the quality of surgery, compliance with the requirements of biological osteosynthesis with endosteal and periosteal protection. We consider inadmissible to perform on children osteosynthesis with massive screwed plates as well as major removal of periosteum from bone. Conclusion. The basic treatment in multiple fractures is the surgical one, being carried out in one stage in the following order: open fractures, intra-articular fractures, fractures of the femur, leg, upper arm, forearm; biological minitraumatic osteosynthesis