Evaluation of Glycine max Merill. Seeds for Antiarthritic Activity in Male Wistar Rats

The present study was carried out to evaluate the antiarthritic activity of Glycine max seeds in adjuvant induced arthritis in rats. Antiarthritic activity was assessed based on the paw volume, biochemical parameters, haematological parameters and histological parameters. The changes in the above said parameters were reversed by the G.max seed extract administered at the dose of 60 mg/kg orally. Hence further detailed investigation is required to isolate the compound responsible for the antiarthritic activity</jats:p

Benefits of early glycemic control by insulin on sensory neuropathy and cataract in diabetic rats

56-64<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family: " times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-bidi-font-family:="" mangal;mso-ansi-language:en-gb;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:="" hi"="" lang="EN-GB">While there is an emphasis on the early glycemic control for its long-term benefits in preventing microvascular complications of diabetes, the biochemical mechanisms responsible for the long-lasting effects are not clearly understood. Therefore the impact of early insulin (EI) versus late insulin (LI) treatment on diabetic sensory neuropathy and cataract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar male rats were evaluated. EI group received insulin (2.5 IU/animal, once daily) treatment from day 1 to 90 while LI group received insulin from day 60 to 90. Early insulin treatment significantly reduced the biochemical markers like glucose, triglyceride, glycated hemoglobin, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, advanced glycation end products and ratio of reduced glutathione and oxidized glutathione in diabetic rats. The late insulin treatment failed to resist the biochemical changes in diabetic rats. Diabetic rats developed sensory neuropathy as evidenced by mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia and showed a higher incidence and severity of cataract as revealed by slit lamp examination. Early insulin treatment protected the rats from the development of neuropathy and cataract, but late insulin administration failed to do so. The results demonstrate the benefits of early glycemic control in preventing neuropathy and cataract development in diabetic rats.</span

Circulating MiRNAs of 'Asian Indian Phenotype' Identified in Subjects with Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Several omics technologies are underway worldwide with an aim to unravel the pathophysiology of a complex phenotype such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). While recent studies imply a clinically relevant and potential biomarker role of circulatory miRNAs in the etiology of T2DM, there is lack of data on this aspect in Indians--an ethnic population characterized to represent 'Asian Indian phenotype' known to be more prone to develop T2DM and cardiovascular disease than Europeans. We performed global serum miRNA profiling and the validation of candidate miRNAs by qRT-PCR in a cohort of subjects comprised of normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and patients with T2DM. Our study revealed 4 differentially expressed miRNAs (miR-128, miR-130b-3p, miR-374a-5p, miR-423-5p) in subjects with IGT and T2DM patients compared to control subjects. They were positively or negatively correlated to cholesterol levels, HbA1C, HOMA-IR and fasting insulin. Interestingly, circulating level of miR-128 and miR-130b-3p were also altered in serum of diet-induced diabetic mice compared to control animals. Among the altered circulating miRNAs, miR-128 had never been described in previous studies/populations and appeared to be a 'New Lead' in Indians. It was positively correlated with cholesterol both in prediabetic subjects and in diet-induced diabetic mice, suggesting that its increased level might be associated with the development of dyslipedemia associated with T2DM. Our findings imply directionality towards biomarker potential of miRNAs in the prevention/diagnosis/treatment outcomes of diabetes

Clinical and biochemical characteristics of the subjects involved in the study.

<p>All the value represents mean and ± standard deviation</p><p>*p<0.05 compared control</p><p>ND, not determined</p><p>Clinical and biochemical characteristics of the subjects involved in the study.</p

Circulating miRNA concentrations of the 9 selected miRNAs, in the whole cohort of 145 individuals, but considering men (M) and women (F) independently.

<p>** = <i>p</i> values<0.05. Data are expressed as arbitrary units (AU). Black, control subjects; Grey, pre-diabetic subjects; White, diabetic patients.</p

Circulating miRNA concentrations of the 9 selected miRNAs identified in the discovery group quantified in the serum of mice fed with normal pellet diet (NPD; n = 5) or with high fat diet (HFD; n = 6).

<p>Data are expressed as arbitrary units (AU). White, NPD mice; Black, HFD.</p

Circulating miRNA concentration of the 9 selected miRNAs, in the whole cohort of 145 individuals.

<p>** = <i>p</i> values<0.05. Data are expressed as arbitrary units (AU).</p