Uticaj radnog režima traktora na životnu sredinu

The paper presents and analyzes the results of the exhaust emission measurement, depending on the tractor operating regime. The goal of this paper was to analyze the influence of the operating regime, that is, two different values of the engine crankshaft rotation speed and two different levels of transmission, to the exhaust emission level. In addition, the paper presents a brief overview of the technical solutions for the subsequent treatment of exhaust gases. The results shown allow comparison of the working regimes of the tested tractor models YTO X1204 and Foton 904. The research also shows how many operators with technical limitations on the tractor, knowledge and techniques of using the machine can contribute to a lower level of exhaust emissions (CO2, NO, NO2, NOX, SO2, O2) of built-in engines in tractors.U radu su prikazani i analizirani rezultati merenja izduvne emisije, u zavisnosti od radnog režima traktora. Cilj rada je analiza uticaja radnog režima, odnosno dve različite vrednosti broja obrtaja kolenastog vratila motora traktora i dva različita stepena prenosa, na nivo izduvne emisije. Pored toga rad prikazuje i kratak pregled tehničkih rešenja naknadnog tretmana izduvnih gasova. Prikazani rezultati omogućuju poređenje radnih režima ispitivanih modela traktora “YTO X1204” i “Foton 904”. Istraživanje takođe pokazuje koliko rukovaoci – operateri na traktorima uz tehnička ograničenja traktora, znanjem i tehnikom upotrebe mašine mogu doprineti nižem stepenu izduvne emisije gasova (CO2, NO, NO2, NOX, SO2, O2) ugrađenih motora u traktore

Ubiranje soje kombajnom Claas Lexion 430 -ekploatacioni parametri

Soya (Glycine) is one of the most important crop plant. It produces products for human and domestic animals and processing industry. It is an important protein and oil plant. The soybean seeds contain more proteins (35-50%) and fats (17-24%) and fewer carbohydrates than others leguminous plants. Research of the Claas Lexion 430 combine harvester in a mercantile soybeans harvest shown that losses in uncut pods were in all measurements above tolerant 2% and ranged from 2.46% to 2.94%. Losses on the thresher in the free grain were ranged from 0.18% to 0.34% on average to 0.26%, which is satisfactory in relation to the given 0.3%. The average losses in the unthreshedpods are 0.35%, which is more than the projected level, but for the conditions of harvesting it can be accepted as satisfactory, due to the large percentage of weeds in the field.Soja (Glycine) je jedna od najvažnijih ratarskih kultura, od koje se dobijaju proizvodi važni u ishrani ljudi i domaćih životinja i za preradu u industriji. Soja je važan izvor belančevina i ulja. Seme soje sadrži više proteina (35- 50%) i masti (17- 24%), a manje ugljenih hidrata od ostalih mahunastih biljaka. Kombajn Claas Lexion 430 posle eksploatacionih istraživanja imao je u žetvi merkantilne soje gubitke u neodrezanim mahunama u svim merenjima iznad tolerantnih 2%. Ovi gubici su bili u intervalu od 2,46 % do 2,94 %. Kombajn Claas Lexion 430 na vršalici ima gubitke u slobodnom zrnu koji su varirali od 0,18% do 0,34 % (proseku 0,26%), što je zadovoljavajuće u odnosu na zadatih 0,3 %. Prosečni gubici u neovršenim mahunama su 0,35 %, što je više od projektovanog nivoa, ali se za uslove ubiranja mogu prihvatiti kao zadovoljavajući, iz razloga značajne zakorovljenosti parcele

Dizajn, klasifikacija, perspektiva i moguća aplikacija dronova u poljoprivredu Srbije

The paper analyzes the possibility and the needs for the use of specific types of robots (mini unmanned aircraft with different designs and the designation of UAVs) and the possibility of using in agriculture (agrodrone). The year 2015 was proclaimed (Fortune Magazine, 2016) as the year of increasing and widespread use of UAVs in various areas of human activity, especially in agriculture and forestry (75% of use). This is important for large farm areas, where UAV has many useful functions and a very cost-effective commercial application. Today, the needs for UAVs have increased sharply with various opportunities for both civilian and military needs. There is also a significant interest in the development of new drones that can autonomously fly in different environments and locations and can perform various missions and tasks. Over the past decade, a wide range of applications for drones has gained the significance that led to the discovery of various types of unmanned UAVs of different sizes and weights. In this review, the classification of UAVs ranging based on a detailed overview of the development of the drone industry in recent years, this paper demonstrates the evolution of drones and differents application technologies. Of course, this development is very advanced and revolutionary, as well as the development of mobile and smart phones and the Internet, which will open the way for many users to participate in defining the future of UAV implementation. LIVONA Company, Belgrade, Serbia (and Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture in Belgrade, in tehnical cooperation) has a study and plans on the implementation of the model micro drone EBee SQ Livona RTK in the future general plans for inspection of protection Soils of territory Minicipality of Stara Pazova (351 km2), and agricultural company Napredak , and exspecially plans for soils of agriculture of R. Serbia. VEKOM GeoCompany from Belgrade, (in cooperation with Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture in Belgrade), has a study and plans on the implementation of the model of the drone Aibot KX6 model, in the future of application of agricultural soils of region Open pit Kolubara for area from app. 600 km2 and the other soils of Region). Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture in Belgrade, in cooperation with Municipality of Ub, has a study and plans on the implementation of the model micro drone Hubsan H109S X4 PRO in the future plans general inspection of protection Soils and Waters of territory of Municipality Ub (456 km2).U radu su analizirane mogućnosti i potrebe upotrebe specifičnih vrsta robota (mini bespilotnih letelica sa različitim dizajnom, označane kao UAV) i način korištenja u poljoprivredi (agrodron). Časopis Fortune je 2015.godinu proglasio kao godinu sve većeg i široko rasprostranjene upotrbe UAV letelica, u različitim oblastima ljudske delatnosti, posebno u poljoprivredi i šumarstvu (75% upotrebe). Ovo je naročito važno za velike farme i oblasti pod šumama, gde UAV ima mnogo korisnih funkcija i veoma isplative komercijalne aplikacije. Danas, potrebe za UAV imaju nagli porast sa različitim mogućnostima kako za civilne tako i za vojne potrebe. Takođe postoji značajan interes za razvoj novih bespilotnih letelica koji mogu autonomno leteti u različitim okruženjima i lokacijama i obaviti različite misije i zadatke. Tokom protekle decenije XXI veka, širok spektar aplikacija za bespilotne letelice je dobio značaj koji je doveo do konstrukcija različitih tipova bespilotnih UAV, različitih veličina i težina i svakako namene. Naravno, tehnološki razvoj kod dron sistema je veoma tehničko-tehnološki napredan i revolucionaran, uz razvoj mobilnih i pametnih (android) telefona i interneta, brzo otvora puteve i mogućnosti za mnoge korisnike u definisanju nove budućnosti implementacije UAV u različitim oblastima primene . Kompanija Livona d.o.o., Beograd i Institut za poljoprivrednu tehniku, Poljoprivredni fakultet u Beogradu, u tehničkoj saradnji imaju planove o implementaciji modela mikro drona EBee SK Livona RTK u narednim generalnim planovima za inspekciju, zaštitu i korišćenje poljoprivrednih zemljišta Republike Srbije, i posebno teritorije Opštine Stara Pazova (351 km2), gde je posebno mesto poljoprivrednog preduzeća Napredak a.d. VekomGeo d.o.o, Beograd u saradnji sa Institutom za poljoprivrednu tehniku Poljoprivrednog fakulteta u Beogradu ima planove o budućoj upotrebi drona model Aibot X6, za nadzor na površinama od 600 km2 (i poljoprivredna zemljišta) otvorenog kopa R.B. Kolubara ili drugih objekata. Institut za poljoprivrednu tehniku, Poljoprivredni fakultet u Beogradu, ima planove o saradnji sa opštinom Ub, zbog upotrebe modela mikro drona Hubsan H109S Ks4 PRO u inspekciji oko zaštite i načina korišćenja zemljišta i voda na ovoj teritoriji (456 km2)