A rizoszférában lezajló folyamatok tanulmányozása a fitoremediáció során = Study of rhizosphere processes during phytoremediation

Tápoldatos, tenyészedényes és rizoboxos kísérletekben tanulmányoztuk a rizoszférában lezajló folyamatokat és mikrobiális kölcsönhatásokat nehézfémekkel szennyezett víz, talaj és bányameddő fitoremediációja során. Pseudomonas talajbaktériumokkal fokozható a Cd és Ni rizofiltráció hatékonysága. A gyöngyösoroszi bányameddőben lévő nehézfémeket (Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, Zn) többféle adalék (mész, szennyvíziszap komposzt, természetes zeolit) kombinált kijuttatásával lehet tartósan stabilizálni. Ezen a közegen arbuszkulált mikorrhiza gombákkal szimbiózisban élő vörös csenkesz telepíthető meg, mely fitostabilizációval megakadályozza a nehézfémek kimosódását. Szelénszennyezett talajokból a szareptai mustár, takarmányretek és a lucerna jelentős mennyiségű szelén vett fel passzív fitoextrakcióval, melynek hatékonysága metionin kijuttatással fokozható. A megvizsgált talajokban és a rizoszférában jelen lévő mikrobák nagyfokú szelénadaptációs képességgel és szelénrezisztenciával rendelkeztek. Galvániszappal szennyezett talajból a 4 megvizsgált Salix és Populus faj leveleiben jelentős mennyiségű kadmium és cink akkumulálódott passzív fitoextrakcióval. Fitoextrakciós szempontból azonban a fajlagos fémtartalomnál fontosabb az adott faj szárazanyag hozama. Az olasznád galvániszappal szennyezett talajból, hígtrágyával vagy települési szennyvíziszappal kezelt talajból egyaránt vett fel nehézfémeket, melyek közül a könnyen betakarítható hajtásban elsősorban a cink akkumulálódott. | Nutrient solution, pot and rhizobox experiments were set up to study the rhizosphere processes and microbial interactions in heavy metal contaminated water, soil and mine spoil. Pseudomonas soil bacteria can enhance the efficiency of Cd and Ni rhizofiltration. Combinations of additives (lime, municipal sewage sludge, natural zeolite) can permanenty stabilize the heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, Zn) in mine spoil from Gyöngyösoroszi. In stabilized mine spoil red fescue can grow in symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and this phytostabilization effectively prevents the leaching of heavy metals. Considerable amount of Se was passively phytoextracted by Indian mustard, fodder radish and alfalfa grown in artificially contaminated soils. The efficiency of passive Se phytoextraction can be enhanced by the soil application of methionine. All microbe groups present in Se contaminated soils showed high adaptation and resistance to low levels of this contaminant. The four studied Salix species and a Populus hybrid accumulated significant amounts of Cd and Zn from a galvanic mud contaminated soil during passive phytoextraction. The species producing the highest biomass are the most efficient in Cd and Zn removal from contaminated soil. Giant reed (Arundo donax) can phytoextract heavy metals (mostly zinc) from galvanic mud, pig slurry or sewage sludge contaminated soils

The Elimination of Pharmaceutical Agents with Microbiological Treatment from Municipal Sewage

Pharmaceutical agents accumulate in wastewater after consumption, but the conventional sewage treatment process is unable to remove them completely. The occurrence of certain compounds in the environment brings forth serious problems even at low concentrations. In this study, the microbiological elimination ability of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)—ibuprofen, naproxen, ketoprofen and diclofenac—were investigated under laboratory, pilot and plant conditions. Mixed cultures from environmental matrices presumably have the ability to reduce the concentration of target agents effectively. According to our analytical measurements, certain mixed cultures gained from natural habitats were even capable of reducing the amount of diclofenac efficiently, after being enriched to a 109 colony-forming unit—CFU/mL scale, and inoculated in adequate quantity. Target NSAIDs were detected at µg/L levels in both influents and effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The results showed that inoculated conventional activated sludge sewage treatment technologies have high efficiency for removing ibuprofen, ketoprofen and naproxen. The diclofenac-specific bacteria mix exhibited mild but positive removal efficiency compared to the control plant. This removal ability is also influenced by the hydraulic retention time (HRT)

The Elimination of Pharmaceutical Agents with Microbiological Treatment from Municipal Sewage

Pharmaceutical agents accumulate in wastewater after consumption, but the conventional sewage treatment process is unable to remove them completely. The occurrence of certain compounds in the environment brings forth serious problems even at low concentrations. In this study, the microbiological elimination ability of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)—ibuprofen, naproxen, ketoprofen and diclofenac—were investigated under laboratory, pilot and plant conditions. Mixed cultures from environmental matrices presumably have the ability to reduce the concentration of target agents effectively. According to our analytical measurements, certain mixed cultures gained from natural habitats were even capable of reducing the amount of diclofenac efficiently, after being enriched to a 109 colony-forming unit—CFU/mL scale, and inoculated in adequate quantity. Target NSAIDs were detected at µg/L levels in both influents and effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The results showed that inoculated conventional activated sludge sewage treatment technologies have high efficiency for removing ibuprofen, ketoprofen and naproxen. The diclofenac-specific bacteria mix exhibited mild but positive removal efficiency compared to the control plant. This removal ability is also influenced by the hydraulic retention time (HRT)