Finite Approximations of Physical Models over Local Fields

We show that the Schr\"odinger operator associated with a physical system over a local field can be approximated in a very strong sense by finite Schr\"odinger operators. Some striking numerical results are included at the end of the article

A discussion of norms for S supply in organic farming based on content in forage and ruminant performance in Norway

The content of sulphur (S) in grassland on 27 Norwegian organic farms with dairy or sheep production was investigated in 2001 and 2002. The forage content of S was below the norms (2 g S kg DM-1) for both plants and animals in a large proportion of the samples. The average S content in forage at dairy farms was 1.4 g S kg DM-1 and at sheep farms 1.5 g. Even on grasslands with low plant S content (<1 g S kg DM-1), S-fertilization did not increase yields and increased the plants’ S content only very slightly. No indications of S deficiency were observed on the dairy farms. For one sheep farm with a forage S content of 1.1 ± 0.1g S kg DM-1, brittle and short winter wool was reported

Pair-copula constructions of multiple dependence

Building on the work of Bedford, Cooke and Joe, we show how multivariate data, which exhibit complex patterns of dependence in the tails, can be modelled using a cascade of pair-copulae, acting on two variables at a time. We use the pair-copula decomposition of a general multivariate distribution and propose a method to perform inference. The model construction is hierarchical in nature, the various levels corresponding to the incorporation of more variables in the conditioning sets, using pair-copulae as simple building blocs. Pair-copula decomposed models also represent a very flexible way to construct higher-dimensional coplulae. We apply the methodology to a financial data set. Our approach represents the first step towards developing of an unsupervised algorithm that explores the space of possible pair-copula models, that also can be applied to huge data sets automatically

Dodd-Frank’s Extension of Criminal Corporate Liability through the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: Enabling Whistleblowers and Monitoring Conflict Minerals

In a sense, through its whistleblower provision, the Dodd-Frank Act has enabled the government to use corporate employee whistleblowers to support criminal prosecutions. That position finds agreement in this article, but the conclusion reached is that the results to be obtained from the whistleblower provision will be positive. Through an analysis of the Dodd-Frank Act, this article discusses further the new reach of the FCPA, particularly in light of the whistleblower and conflict-minerals provisions in the Dodd-Frank Act. Finally, this article concludes that although the new provisions can be costly, the provisions are beneficial. The traditional corporate model is now more open, as firms and individuals are required to act with greater care and, in effect, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act has greater vitality

Produksjon og utnytting av gjenvekst ved høge avdråttsnivå

Kyr med høg avdrått må få energirikt grovfôr frå eng som er tidleg og hyppig slått, og der gjenvekstar utgjer ein stor del av årsavlinga. Mellom vårvekst og gjenvekst vil det vere variasjon i proteininnhald og fiberkvalitet. Det trengst meir kunnskap om korleis ein kan balansere dei ulike kvalitetane i ei målretta fôring

Criticality of compact and noncompact quantum dissipative Z4Z_4 models in (1+1)(1+1) dimensions

Using large-scale Monte Carlo computations, we study two versions of a $(1+1)D$ $Z_4$-symmetric model with Ohmic bond dissipation. In one of these versions, the variables are restricted to the interval $[0,2\pi>$, while the domain is unrestricted in the other version. The compact model features a completely ordered phase with a broken $Z_4$ symmetry and a disordered phase, separated by a critical line. The noncompact model features three phases. In addition to the two phases exhibited by the compact model, there is also an intermediate phase with isotropic quasi-long-range order. We calculate the dynamical critical exponent $z$ along the critical lines of both models to see if the compactness of the variable is relevant to the critical scaling between space and imaginary time. There appears to be no difference between the two models in that respect, and we find $z\approx1$ for the single phase transition in the compact model as well as for both transitions in the noncompact model