5 research outputs found

    Hydrogen Bonding Constrains Free Radical Reaction Dynamics at Serine and Threonine Residues in Peptides

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    Free radical-initiated peptide sequencing (FRIPS) mass spectrometry derives advantage from the introduction of highly selective low-energy dissociation pathways in target peptides. An acetyl radical, formed at the peptide N-terminus via collisional activation and subsequent dissociation of a covalently attached radical precursor, abstracts a hydrogen atom from diverse sites on the peptide, yielding sequence information through backbone cleavage as well as side-chain loss. Unique free-radical-initiated dissociation pathways observed at serine and threonine residues lead to cleavage of the neighboring N-terminal C_α–C or N–C_Ξ± bond rather than the typical Cα–C bond cleavage observed with other amino acids. These reactions were investigated by FRIPS of model peptides of the form AARAAAXAA, where X is the amino acid of interest. In combination with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the experiments indicate the strong influence of hydrogen bonding at serine or threonine on the observed free radical chemistry. Hydrogen bonding of the side-chain hydroxyl group with a backbone carbonyl oxygen aligns the singly occupied Ο€ orbital on the Ξ²-carbon and the N–C_Ξ± bond, leading to low-barrier Ξ²-cleavage of the N–C_Ξ± bond. Interaction with the N-terminal carbonyl favors a hydrogen-atom transfer process to yield stable c and zβ€’ ions, whereas C-terminal interaction leads to effective cleavage of the C_α–C bond through rapid loss of isocyanic acid. Dissociation of the C_α–C bond may also occur via water loss followed by Ξ²-cleavage from a nitrogen-centered radical. These competitive dissociation pathways from a single residue illustrate the sensitivity of gas-phase free radical chemistry to subtle factors such as hydrogen bonding that affect the potential energy surface for these low-barrier processes

    Complete mitochondrial genomes and phylogenetic analysis of four Baikal endemic Batrachocottus species (Scorpaeniformes: Cottoidei)

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    Baikal sculpins are the most species-rich and ecologically diverse group of fishes in the Lake. We analyzed complete mitochondrial genomes from four species of the endemic Baikal genus Batrachocottus (B. baicalensis, B. multiradiatus, B. talievi, and B. nikolski). Mitogenome sequences are 16,523–16,535 bp in length with a mitogenomic organization and gene arrangement identical to that of typical teleosts. Phylogenetic analysis using the Bayesian method positioned B. baicalensis outside the monophyletic clades of the genus Batrachocottus. Batrachocottus multiradiatus and B. talievi are sister species

    Variability and Taxonomic Status of Siberian Population of Alpine Sculpin Cottus poecilopus Complex (Scorpaeniformes: Cottidae)

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    The main goal of investigation is the analysis of ecological and geographical variability of morphological characters of alpine sculpin Cottus poecilopus complex in the Siberian rivers – Lena, Ob, Amur for identification of their taxonomic status. The data obtained have shown absence of taxonomically significant differences in phenotypes of fishes in the Amur and Lena populations. The sculpin from Altai reservoirs occupies geographically and phenotypically intermediate position between the European and East Siberian population groups. It allows making conclusion about subspecies level of its differences from those and others. The analysis of the literary data on molecular phylogeography and characters variability is testify to high intergradations level of allopatric populations and belonging to the same one species. It is possible to conclude that population groupings from the Asian part of a general inhabiting area correspond to subspecies rank: C. p. altaicus Kaschenko, 1899, C. p. szanaga Dybowsky, 1869, C. p. kolymensis Sideleva et Goto, 2012 and C. volki (Taranetz, 1933) and their taxonomic status is overestimated.ЦСлью Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ являСтся Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· экологичСской ΠΈ гСографичСской измСнчивости морфологичСских ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² пСстроногого ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‰ΠΈΠΊΠ° Cottus poecilopus complex Π² Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡ‘ΠΌΠ°Ρ… бассСйнов Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ…Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ тСчСния Ρ€Π΅ΠΊ Π›Π΅Π½Π°, Обь ΠΈ Амур для уточнСния таксономичСского статуса аллопатричСских Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°. ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ отсутствиС таксономичСски Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΡ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ мСристичСским ΠΈ Π³Π°Π±ΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΌ Ρƒ Π΅Π³ΠΎ амурских ΠΈ лСнских популяций, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΡƒΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Π½Π° ΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ†ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ. ΠŸΠ΅ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‰ΠΈΠΊ ΠΈΠ· Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ² Алтая Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ гСографичСски ΠΈ фСнотипичСски ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡƒΡ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ СвропСйской ΠΈ восточно-сибирской Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ позволяСт Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡ‚ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ… ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ…. Анализ Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎ молСкулярной Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π΅ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ„ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ измСнчивости нСмСтричСских ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΎ высоком ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π³Ρ€Π°Π΄Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ аллопатричСских популяций ΠΈ ΠΈΡ… принадлСТности ΠΊ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ политипичСскому Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρƒ. Π‘Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½ Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ популяционныС Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ· азиатской части Π°Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»Π° ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ Ρ€Π°Π½Π³Ρƒ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²: C. p. altaicus Kaschenko, 1899, C. p. szanaga Dybowsky, 1869, C. p. kolymensis Sideleva et Goto, 2012 ΠΈ C. p. volki (Taranetz, 1933), таксономичСский статус ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… Π² настоящСС врСмя Π·Π°Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½

    Variability and Taxonomic Status of Siberian Population of Alpine Sculpin Cottus poecilopus Complex (Scorpaeniformes: Cottidae)

    No full text
    The main goal of investigation is the analysis of ecological and geographical variability of morphological characters of alpine sculpin Cottus poecilopus complex in the Siberian rivers – Lena, Ob, Amur for identification of their taxonomic status. The data obtained have shown absence of taxonomically significant differences in phenotypes of fishes in the Amur and Lena populations. The sculpin from Altai reservoirs occupies geographically and phenotypically intermediate position between the European and East Siberian population groups. It allows making conclusion about subspecies level of its differences from those and others. The analysis of the literary data on molecular phylogeography and characters variability is testify to high intergradations level of allopatric populations and belonging to the same one species. It is possible to conclude that population groupings from the Asian part of a general inhabiting area correspond to subspecies rank: C. p. altaicus Kaschenko, 1899, C. p. szanaga Dybowsky, 1869, C. p. kolymensis Sideleva et Goto, 2012 and C. volki (Taranetz, 1933) and their taxonomic status is overestimated.ЦСлью Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ являСтся Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· экологичСской ΠΈ гСографичСской измСнчивости морфологичСских ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² пСстроногого ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‰ΠΈΠΊΠ° Cottus poecilopus complex Π² Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡ‘ΠΌΠ°Ρ… бассСйнов Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ…Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ тСчСния Ρ€Π΅ΠΊ Π›Π΅Π½Π°, Обь ΠΈ Амур для уточнСния таксономичСского статуса аллопатричСских Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°. ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ отсутствиС таксономичСски Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΡ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ мСристичСским ΠΈ Π³Π°Π±ΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΌ Ρƒ Π΅Π³ΠΎ амурских ΠΈ лСнских популяций, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΡƒΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Π½Π° ΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ†ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ. ΠŸΠ΅ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‰ΠΈΠΊ ΠΈΠ· Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ² Алтая Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ гСографичСски ΠΈ фСнотипичСски ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡƒΡ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ СвропСйской ΠΈ восточно-сибирской Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ позволяСт Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡ‚ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ… ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ…. Анализ Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎ молСкулярной Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π΅ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ„ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ измСнчивости нСмСтричСских ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΎ высоком ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π³Ρ€Π°Π΄Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ аллопатричСских популяций ΠΈ ΠΈΡ… принадлСТности ΠΊ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ политипичСскому Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρƒ. Π‘Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½ Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ популяционныС Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ· азиатской части Π°Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»Π° ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ Ρ€Π°Π½Π³Ρƒ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²: C. p. altaicus Kaschenko, 1899, C. p. szanaga Dybowsky, 1869, C. p. kolymensis Sideleva et Goto, 2012 ΠΈ C. p. volki (Taranetz, 1933), таксономичСский статус ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… Π² настоящСС врСмя Π·Π°Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½
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