5 research outputs found
Hydrogen Bonding Constrains Free Radical Reaction Dynamics at Serine and Threonine Residues in Peptides
Free radical-initiated peptide sequencing (FRIPS) mass spectrometry derives advantage from the introduction of highly selective low-energy dissociation pathways in target peptides. An acetyl radical, formed at the peptide N-terminus via collisional activation and subsequent dissociation of a covalently attached radical precursor, abstracts a hydrogen atom from diverse sites on the peptide, yielding sequence information through backbone cleavage as well as side-chain loss. Unique free-radical-initiated dissociation pathways observed at serine and threonine residues lead to cleavage of the neighboring N-terminal C_Ξ±βC or NβC_Ξ± bond rather than the typical CΞ±βC bond cleavage observed with other amino acids. These reactions were investigated by FRIPS of model peptides of the form AARAAAXAA, where X is the amino acid of interest. In combination with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the experiments indicate the strong influence of hydrogen bonding at serine or threonine on the observed free radical chemistry. Hydrogen bonding of the side-chain hydroxyl group with a backbone carbonyl oxygen aligns the singly occupied Ο orbital on the Ξ²-carbon and the NβC_Ξ± bond, leading to low-barrier Ξ²-cleavage of the NβC_Ξ± bond. Interaction with the N-terminal carbonyl favors a hydrogen-atom transfer process to yield stable c and zβ’ ions, whereas C-terminal interaction leads to effective cleavage of the C_Ξ±βC bond through rapid loss of isocyanic acid. Dissociation of the C_Ξ±βC bond may also occur via water loss followed by Ξ²-cleavage from a nitrogen-centered radical. These competitive dissociation pathways from a single residue illustrate the sensitivity of gas-phase free radical chemistry to subtle factors such as hydrogen bonding that affect the potential energy surface for these low-barrier processes
Complete mitochondrial genomes and phylogenetic analysis of four Baikal endemic Batrachocottus species (Scorpaeniformes: Cottoidei)
Baikal sculpins are the most species-rich and ecologically diverse group of fishes in the Lake. We analyzed complete mitochondrial genomes from four species of the endemic Baikal genus Batrachocottus (B. baicalensis, B. multiradiatus, B. talievi, and B. nikolski). Mitogenome sequences are 16,523β16,535βbp in length with a mitogenomic organization and gene arrangement identical to that of typical teleosts. Phylogenetic analysis using the Bayesian method positioned B. baicalensis outside the monophyletic clades of the genus Batrachocottus. Batrachocottus multiradiatus and B. talievi are sister species
Variability and Taxonomic Status of Siberian Population of Alpine Sculpin Cottus poecilopus Complex (Scorpaeniformes: Cottidae)
The main goal of investigation is the analysis of ecological and geographical variability of morphological characters of alpine sculpin Cottus poecilopus complex in the Siberian rivers β Lena, Ob, Amur for identification of their taxonomic status. The data obtained have shown absence of taxonomically significant differences in phenotypes of fishes in the Amur and Lena populations. The sculpin from Altai reservoirs occupies geographically and phenotypically intermediate position between the European and East Siberian population groups. It allows making conclusion about subspecies level of its differences from those and others. The analysis of the literary data on molecular phylogeography and characters variability is testify to high intergradations level of allopatric populations and belonging to the same one species. It is possible to conclude that population groupings from the Asian part of a general inhabiting area correspond to subspecies rank: C. p. altaicus Kaschenko, 1899, C. p. szanaga Dybowsky, 1869, C. p. kolymensis Sideleva et Goto, 2012 and C. volki (Taranetz, 1933) and their taxonomic status is overestimated.Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Cottus poecilopus complex Π² Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Ρ
Π±Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΠ΅Π½Π°, ΠΠ±Ρ ΠΈ ΠΠΌΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° Π°Π»Π»ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ Π³Π°Π±ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΌ Ρ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π°ΠΌΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π½Π° ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΈΠ· Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΠ»ΡΠ°Ρ Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅Ρ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ³ΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π°Π»Π»ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ. Π‘Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ· Π°Π·ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ Π°ΡΠ΅Π°Π»Π° ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π½Π³Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²: C. p. altaicus Kaschenko, 1899, C. p. szanaga Dybowsky, 1869, C. p. kolymensis Sideleva et Goto, 2012 ΠΈ C. p. volki (Taranetz, 1933), ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π·Π°Π²ΡΡΠ΅Π½
Variability and Taxonomic Status of Siberian Population of Alpine Sculpin Cottus poecilopus Complex (Scorpaeniformes: Cottidae)
The main goal of investigation is the analysis of ecological and geographical variability of morphological characters of alpine sculpin Cottus poecilopus complex in the Siberian rivers β Lena, Ob, Amur for identification of their taxonomic status. The data obtained have shown absence of taxonomically significant differences in phenotypes of fishes in the Amur and Lena populations. The sculpin from Altai reservoirs occupies geographically and phenotypically intermediate position between the European and East Siberian population groups. It allows making conclusion about subspecies level of its differences from those and others. The analysis of the literary data on molecular phylogeography and characters variability is testify to high intergradations level of allopatric populations and belonging to the same one species. It is possible to conclude that population groupings from the Asian part of a general inhabiting area correspond to subspecies rank: C. p. altaicus Kaschenko, 1899, C. p. szanaga Dybowsky, 1869, C. p. kolymensis Sideleva et Goto, 2012 and C. volki (Taranetz, 1933) and their taxonomic status is overestimated.Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Cottus poecilopus complex Π² Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Ρ
Π±Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΠ΅Π½Π°, ΠΠ±Ρ ΠΈ ΠΠΌΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° Π°Π»Π»ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ Π³Π°Π±ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΌ Ρ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π°ΠΌΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π½Π° ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΈΠ· Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΠ»ΡΠ°Ρ Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅Ρ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ³ΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π°Π»Π»ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ. Π‘Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ· Π°Π·ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ Π°ΡΠ΅Π°Π»Π° ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π½Π³Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²: C. p. altaicus Kaschenko, 1899, C. p. szanaga Dybowsky, 1869, C. p. kolymensis Sideleva et Goto, 2012 ΠΈ C. p. volki (Taranetz, 1933), ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π·Π°Π²ΡΡΠ΅Π½