70,247 research outputs found
Effective String Theory of Vortices and Regge Trajectories of Hybrid Mesons with Zero Mass Quarks
We show how a field theory containing classical vortex solutions can be
expressed as an effective string theory of long distance QCD describing the two
transverse oscillations of the string. We use the semiclassical expansion of
this effective string theory about a classical rotating string solution to
obtain Regge trajectories for mesons with zero mass quarks. The first
semiclassical correction adds the constant 1/12 to the classical Regge formula
for the angular momentum of mesons on the leading Regge trajectory. In D
spacetime dimensions, this additive constant is (D-2)/24. The excited states of
the rotating string give rise to daughter Regge trajectories determining the
spectrum of hybrid mesons.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figures, LaTeX, style file include
Using Email Communication to Increase Expatriate Parents' Knowledge of the Human Papillomavirus
Expatriates face a unique set of determinants to health which may influence their level of knowledge, perception of available preventative health care alternatives and their health seeking behaviors. The objective of this study is to understand the effect of an email communication intervention on expatriate parents' level of knowledge of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV). Repeated measurement of knowledge was conducted pre- and post-intervention among parents who received the study intervention (group 1) and those who received standard care (group 2). Intervention effect was measured by any change in knowledge within and between groups. The group 1 had a significant rise in knowledge mean from baseline to first and then second follow-up (m = 0.57 (SD 0.39), m = 0.84 (SD 0.16) and m = 0.87 (SD 0.11), respectively). In addition, after receiving the intervention, group 1 felt they had sufficient information to make an informed decision of whether to vaccinate their child(ren), with a significant difference from baseline to first post test, (χ² (1) = 8.50, p < 0.05). Based on an increase in knowledge, the study's email intervention proved effective mode to disseminating HPV-related information
Correcting mean-field approximations for spatially-dependent advection-diffusion-reaction processes
On the microscale, migration, proliferation and death are crucial in the development, homeostasis and repair of an organism; on the macroscale, such effects are important in the sustainability of a population in its environment. Dependent on the relative rates of migration, proliferation and death, spatial heterogeneity may arise within an initially uniform field; this leads to the formation of spatial correlations and can have a negative impact upon population growth. Usually, such effects are neglected in modeling studies and simple phenomenological descriptions, such as the logistic model, are used to model population growth. In this work we outline some methods for analyzing exclusion processes which include agent proliferation, death and motility in two and three spatial dimensions with spatially homogeneous initial conditions. The mean-field description for these types of processes is of logistic form; we show that, under certain parameter conditions, such systems may display large deviations from the mean field, and suggest computationally tractable methods to correct the logistic-type description
Models of collective cell motion for cell populations with different aspect ratio: diffusion, proliferation & travelling waves
Continuum, partial differential equation models are often used to describe the collective motion of cell populations, with various types of motility represented by the choice of diffusion coefficient, and cell proliferation captured by the source terms. Previously, the choice of diffusion coefficient has been largely arbitrary, with the decision to choose a particular linear or nonlinear form generally based on calibration arguments rather than making any physical connection with the underlying individual-level properties of the cell motility mechanism. In this work we provide a new link between individual-level models, which account for important cell properties such as varying cell shape and volume exclusion, and population-level partial differential equation models. We work in an exclusion process framework, considering aligned, elongated cells that may occupy more than one lattice site, in order to represent populations of agents with different sizes. Three different idealisations of the individual-level mechanism are proposed, and these are connected to three different partial differential equations, each with a different diffusion coefficient; one linear, one nonlinear and degenerate and one nonlinear and nondegenerate. We test the ability of these three models to predict the population-level response of a cell spreading problem for both proliferative and nonproliferative cases. We also explore the potential of our models to predict long time travelling wave invasion rates and extend our results to two-dimensional spreading and invasion. Our results show that each model can accurately predict density data for nonproliferative systems, but that only one does so for proliferative systems. Hence great care must be taken to predict density data with varying cell shape
Recommended from our members
Assessment, Evaluations and Definitions of Research Impact: A Review
This article aims to explore what is understood by the term ‘research impact’ and to provide a comprehensive assimilation of available literature and information, drawing on global experiences to understand the potential for methods and frameworks of impact assessment being implemented for UK impact assessment. We take a more focused look at the impact component of the UK Research Excellence Framework taking place in 2014 and some of the challenges to evaluating impact and the role that systems might play in the future for capturing the links between research and impact and the requirements we have for these systems.Jisc [DIINN10
Effective String Theory of Vortices and Regge Trajectories
Starting from a field theory containing classical vortex solutions, we obtain
an effective string theory of these vortices as a path integral over the two
transverse degrees of freedom of the string. We carry out a semiclassical
expansion of this effective theory, and use it to obtain corrections to Regge
trajectories due to string fluctuations.Comment: 27 pages, revtex, 3 figures, corrected an error with the cutoff in
appendix E (was previously D), added more discussion of Fig. 3, moved some
material in section 9 to a new appendi
Semiclassical Quantization of Effective String Theory and Regge Trajectories
We begin with an effective string theory for long distance QCD, and evaluate
the semiclassical expansion of this theory about a classical rotating string
solution, taking into account the the dynamics of the boundary of the string.
We show that, after renormalization, the zero point energy of the string
fluctuations remains finite when the masses of the quarks on the ends of the
string approach zero. The theory is then conformally invariant in any spacetime
dimension D. For D=26 the energy spectrum of the rotating string formally
coincides with that of the open string in classical Bosonic string theory.
However, its physical origin is different. It is a semiclassical spectrum of an
effective string theory valid only for large values of the angular momentum.
For D=4, the first semiclassical correction adds the constant 1/12 to the
classical Regge formula.Comment: 65 pages, revtex, 3 figures, added 2 reference
Observation of surface charge screening and Fermi level pinning on a synthetic, boron-doped diamond
Spectroscopic current-voltage (I-V) curves taken with a scanning tunneling microscope on a synthetic, boron-doped diamond single crystal indicate that the diamond, boiled in acid and baked to 500 °C in vacuum, does not exhibit ideal Schottky characteristics. These I-V curves taken in ultrahigh vacuum do not fit the traditional theory of thermionic emission; however, the deviation from ideal can be accounted for by charge screening at the diamond surface. At ambient pressure, the I-V curves have a sharp threshold voltage at 1.7 eV above the valence band edge indicating pinning of the Fermi energy. This measurement is in excellent agreement with the 1/3 band gap rule of Mead and Spitzer [Phys. Rev. 134, A713 (1964)]
Making use of geometrical invariants in black hole collisions
We consider curvature invariants in the context of black hole collision
simulations. In particular, we propose a simple and elegant combination of the
Weyl invariants I and J, the {\sl speciality index} . In the context
of black hole perturbations provides a measure of the size of the
distortions from an ideal Kerr black hole spacetime. Explicit calculations in
well-known examples of axisymmetric black hole collisions demonstrate that this
quantity may serve as a useful tool for predicting in which cases perturbative
dynamics provide an accurate estimate of the radiation waveform and energy.
This makes particularly suited to studying the transition from
nonlinear to linear dynamics and for invariant interpretation of numerical
results.Comment: 4 pages, 3 eps figures, Revte
- …