Utopian Literature And Imperialism

This dissertation argues that the utopian literary genre is an imperial construct that is contingent upon its imperial discourse. I argue that imperialism and utopian literature are intertwined with each other not only because of the different themes related to imperialism present in utopian literature, but also because utopian literature can only speak through imperial tropes and language. This dissertation traces the relationship between utopian literature and imperialism through the 16th, 19th, and late 20th century. The texts it discusses are More’s Utopia, Bacon’s New Atlantis, Harrington’s Commonwealth of Oceana, Bulwer-Lytton’s The Coming Race, Bellamy’s Looking Backward, Morris’ News From Nowhere, Rodenberry’s Star Trek and Le Guin’s The Dispossessed

Study of Iridium Catalyzed N-Alkylation of Urea with Benzyl Alcohols

The solvent-free (Cp*IrCl2)2 catalyzed N-alkylation of urea with benzyl alcohol has been studied. A variety of reaction conditions were studied and optimized to produce a high yield (82%) of N,N-dibenzylurea. A series of substituted benzyl alcohols were examined at the optimal reaction conditions. However, the preparation of substituted benzyl urea derivatives using conditions optimized for benzyl alcohol gave poor yields or intractable mixtures

Study of Iridium Catalyzed N-Alkylation of Urea with Benzyl Alcohols

The solvent-free (Cp*IrCl2)2 catalyzed N-alkylation of urea with benzyl alcohol has been studied. A variety of reaction conditions were studied and optimized to produce a high yield (82%) of N,N-dibenzylurea. A series of substituted benzyl alcohols were examined at the optimal reaction conditions. However, the preparation of substituted benzyl urea derivatives using conditions optimized for benzyl alcohol gave poor yields or intractable mixtures

The Impact Of Cultural Values In Advertising On Saudi Consumers’ Loyalty

Advertising has been one of the most effective elements of marketing communication used to persuade audiences to behave in a certain way. Many studies have examined factors that affect ads positively. Increasing loyalty was classified as the primary goal of companies. Thus, advertisements were commonly used to achieve this goal. On the other hand, even though many studies discussed advertising elements that might generate negative impacts, the possible results of these ads were not sufficiently addressed. Through the theory of planned behavior, this study aimed to explore the role of the cultural value as an element impacting loyalty negatively by a survey that measures people\u27s attitudes toward anti-culture ads. The research was conducted in Saudi Arabia as some studies have shown a high interest in cultural values compared to peoples of some Arab countries. Participants from all groups reported a significant negative impact of such advertisements on loyalty

Design and Synthesis of Novel NO-Drug Hybrid Compound and Green Catalytic Activity Evaluation of Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles-Halloysite Nanocomposite

Acetaminophen is a well-known analgesic that can manage pain and reduce fever. SCP-1 is a derivative of acetaminophen that showed significantly reduced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity comparative to acetaminophen. Nitric oxides have been well known to play a key role in a wide variety of physiological and pathophysiological important processes. It was therefore of interest to synthesize a nitric oxide donor linked to SCP-1 that could have enhanced analgesic and antipyretic activity. A furoxan CAS 1609 as NO-donor was synthesized and linked to SCP-1 successfully. The furoxan CAS 1609 was initially synthesized from tetronic acid to give 1,2- dioxime in 86 % yield. The furoxan 4-hydroxymethyl carboxymethyl ester was obtained in 55 % yield by using t-butyl hypochlorite as an oxidation agent. The furoxan 4-hydroxymethyl carboxymethyl ester was treated with ammonia solution in methanol and converted the ester group into an amide moiety and furnish the targeted furoxan CAS 1609 in 98% yield. The CAS 1609 was coupled with SCP-1, after bromination of the hydroxyl group by thionyl bromide, using DBU as base at room temperature to produce NO-SCP-1 in 57%. Halloysite is a naturally available clay with a hollow tubular structure, and it is abundant and durable. Metallic nanoparticles supported by halloysite to form nanocomposite materials have huge potential in heterogeneous catalysis. Silver nanoparticles (~10 nm, AgNP) were synthesized inside the lumen of halloysite under green conditions to form Ag@Hal. The nanocomposite was characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy and Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emmision Spectroscopy and determined to be 6% Ag@Hal (wt/wt). The Ag@Hal nanocomposite exhibited catalytic activity and selectivity for the synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted over the 1,5- disubstituted triazoles under green condition. The reaction also showed enhanced over all yield when the temperature was increased. The 1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3-triazole was obtained in 58% yield while the 1,5-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole was isolated in 19% yield

Adaptive decentralized re-clustering protocol for wireless sensor networks

AbstractWireless sensor networks are composed of a large number of sensor nodes with limited energy resources. One critical issue in wireless sensor networks is how to gather sensed information in an energy efficient way since the energy is limited. The clustering algorithm is a technique used to reduce energy consumption. It can improve the scalability and lifetime of wireless sensor network. In this paper, we introduce an adaptive clustering protocol for wireless sensor networks, which is called Adaptive Decentralized Re-Clustering Protocol (ADRP) for Wireless Sensor Networks. In ADRP, the cluster heads and next heads are elected based on residual energy of each node and the average energy of each cluster. The simulation results show that ADRP achieves longer lifetime and more data messages transmissions than current important clustering protocol in wireless sensor networks

Performance Analysis of Cluster Based Communication Protocols for Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks. Design, Analysis and Performance Evaluation of Communication Protocols under Various Topologies to Enhance the Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks.

Sensor nodes are deployed over sensing fields for the purpose of monitoring certain phenomena of interest. The sensor nodes perform specific measurements, process the sensed data, and send the data to a base station over a wireless channel. The base station collects data from the sensor nodes, analyses this data, and reports it to the users. Wireless sensor networks are different from traditional networks, because of the following constraints. Typically, a large number of sensor nodes need to be randomly deployed and, in most cases, they are deployed in unreachable environments; however, the sensor nodes may fail, and they are subject to power constraints. Energy is one of the most important design constraints of wireless sensor networks. Energy consumption, in a sensor node, occurs due to many factors, such as: sensing the environment, transmitting and receiving data, processing data, and communication overheads. Since the sensor nodes behave as router nodes for data propagation, of the other sensor nodes to the base station, network connectivity decreases gradually. This may result in disconnected sub networks of sensor nodes. In order to prolong the network¿s lifetime, energy efficient protocols should be designed for the characteristics of the wireless sensor network. Sensor nodes in different regions of the sensing field can collaborate to aggregate the data that they gathered. Data aggregation is defined as the process of aggregating the data from sensor nodes to reduce redundant transmissions. It reduces a large amount of the data traffic on the network, it requires less energy, and it avoids information overheads by not sending all of the unprocessed data throughout the sensor network. Grouping sensor nodes into clusters is useful because it reduces the energy consumption. The clustering technique can be used to perform data aggregation. The clustering procedure involves the selection of cluster heads in each of the cluster, in order to coordinate the member nodes. The cluster head is responsible for: gathering the sensed data from its cluster¿s nodes, aggregating the data, and then sending the aggregated data to the base station. An adaptive clustering protocol was introduced to select the heads in the wireless sensor network. The proposed clustering protocol will dynamically change the cluster heads to obtain the best possible performance, based on the remaining energy level of sensor nodes and the average energy of clusters. The OMNET simulator will be used to present the design and implementation of the adaptive clustering protocol and then to evaluate it. This research has conducted extensive simulation experiments, in order to fully study and analyse the proposed energy efficient clustering protocol. It is necessary for all of the sensor nodes to remain alive for as long as possible, since network quality decreases as soon as a set of sensor nodes die. The goal of the energy efficient clustering protocol is to increase the lifetime and stability period of the sensor network. This research also introduces a new bidirectional data gathering protocol. This protocol aims to form a bidirectional ring structure among the sensor nodes, within the cluster, in order to reduce the overall energy consumption and enhance the network¿s lifetime. A bidirectional data gathering protocol uses a source node to transmit data to the base station, via one or more multiple intermediate cluster heads. It sends data through energy efficient paths to ensure the total energy, needed to route the data, is kept to a minimum. Performance results reveal that the proposed protocol is better in terms of: its network lifetime, energy dissipation, and communication overheads

The dynamic influence of inbound tourism and film and drama industry in promoting environmental sustainability in China: new evidence from bootstrap ARDL approach

The ongoing climate changes have created various challenges for each industry to achieve sustainable environmental goals. Like other extensively growing industries, China’s film and drama industry and inbound tourism are also responsible for contributing effectively toward a sustainable environment. Despite its significant importance, there is a dearth of empirical evidence that analyses these industry’s environmental performance. Thus, this study fills the gap by applying the novel bootstrap ARDL approach and found that Inbound Tourism and Film and Drama industry increased environmental performance (reducing ecological footprint) in China. These results imply that entertainment industries and inbound tourism increased social awareness and encouraged environmental protection in societies and industries. Manifestly, the coefficient’s magnitude of the Film and Drama industry is relatively lower due to a smaller share of the overall economy. However, it shows significant potential for sustainability by creating awareness about sustainable practices and corporate social responsibility, leading to higher environmental performance. Moreover, a feedback effect (two-way causality) exists between Film and Drama industry, Inbound Tourism, and environmental performance. These results offer valuable policy recommendations