Drawing the Line. Visual Representations of the Labouring and Lower Classes in the Mid-Victorian Illustrated Press.

International audienceAs part of their commitment to topicality, one of the fundamental premises of the Victorian illustrated press, The Graphic (1869-1932) and The Illustrated London News (1842-2003) devoted significant space to the representation of urban poverty. At a time when the discussions around the extension of the franchise provided a tribune for latent tensions between bourgeois power and working-class rise, citizenship came to be defined in terms of social and cultural identities, prompting an exclusive discourse which pervaded the whole political spectrum.Concentrating on a selection of illustrations published between the mid-1860s to the late 1870s, this article purports to examine the way in which this exclusive discourse was articulated by the Illustrated London News and the Graphic, illuminating the conflict between the newspapers’ stated aim of providing a truthful record of everyday events and the images produced. Its central assertion is that the artistic, satirical and technical filters used by the draughtsmen in these representations helped to establish a distinction between “deserving” and “undeserving” poverty. By drawing a literal line between suitable and unsuitable citizens, these periodicals articulated a reassuring visual discourse relying on a shared set of assumptions between artists, editors and readers about what the political nation should become.Engagés dans une démarche de fidélité à l’actualité, l’une des principales ambitions de la presse illustrée victorienne, The Graphic (1869-1932) et The Illustrated London News (1842-2003) ont consacré une part significative de leurs publications à la représentation de la pauvreté urbaine. A l’heure où les débats autour de l’extension du suffrage font affleurer les tensions entre pouvoir bourgeois et montée de la classe ouvrière, c’est en termes d’identités sociales et culturelles que se définit la citoyenneté britannique, objet d’un discours clivé dans l’ensemble de la classe politique.À travers une sélection d’illustrations publiées entre le milieu des années 1860 et la fin de la décennie suivante, le présent article s’attache à analyser la façon dont ces partis pris ont trouvé voix dans les pages de l’Illustrated London News et du Graphic, soulignant une forme de contradiction entre l’objectif affiché par ces journaux, celui d’un réalisme presque photographique, et les images produites. Elaborées au prisme de filtres artistiques et satiriques et reproduites en fonction de contraintes techniques lourdes, ces représentations ont contribué à établir une distinction entre pauvreté “respectable” et déchéance sociale. En traçant une ligne de partage littérale entre dignité et indignité, ces périodiques se sont fait le relais d’un discours visuel rassurant et largement partagé quant à l’avenir de la nation britannique

Catherine Bernard, Matière à réflexion. Du corps politique dans la littérature et les arts visuels britanniques contemporains.

Dans sa présentation de la revue Les Temps Modernes, qui paraît chez Gallimard à partir d’octobre 1945, Jean-Paul Sartre revendique l’engagement de l’écrivain dans son époque : « Puisque l’écrivain n’a aucun moyen de s’évader, » écrit-il, « nous voulons qu’il embrasse étroitement son époque ; elle est sa chance unique, elle s’est faite pour lui et il est fait pour elle ». C’est cette rencontre, jadis reniée par le modernisme, qui se trouve au cœur de Matière à réflexion, publié en 2018 par Ca..

Evaluation globale standardisée systématique des rhumatismes inflammatoires chroniques: intérêts et limites

Introduction: National and international recommendations call for an annual standardized systematic holistic review in the management of chronic inflammatory rheumatism (CIR). This includes an assessment of disease activity and severity, as well as patient education on the disease, knowledge of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments, adherence to treatment and screening for comorbidities. Our study aims to recall the definition of a holistic review (HR), to present the evidence of their effectiveness and to give an overview of HR practices in France. Methods: A literature review was conducted in the Pubmed database to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or meta-analyses reporting the efficacy of a multidisciplinary intervention in ICR or other chronic diseases. Two online surveys were sent to all rheumatology departments in France and to a sample of independent rheumatologists, with 34 and 19 questions respectively. These questionnaires were used to determine the profile of the responding center/rheumatologist, the existence of an HR and the obstacles or facilitators to its implementation. Results: Literature search yielded 872 articles, 24 of which were finally included: 16 RCTs and 8 meta-analyses. Only 3 articles concerned ICRs, including one meta-analysis of 10 RCTs in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Of these 3 studies, 2 RCTs in systemic lupus and systemic sclerosis showed a favorable impact of a multidisciplinary approach on SLEDAI and grip strength and mouth opening respectively, while the meta-analysis in RA showed no benefit on disability or disease activity.The questionnaire was answered by 72 centers and 186 rheumatologists. A third of the centers had already implemented a HR during an day hospitalization. 70 % of centers estimated that they managed more than 10 patients per month, devoting an average of 35 minutes of rheumatologist time and 90 minutes of cumulative time for all other healthcare professionals (HCPs) involved in the program. Most of the HCPs involved were nurses (92 %), dieticians (56 %) and physiotherapists (56 %). The main obstacles to setting up a HR were the lack of paramedical resources, lack of economic value and lack of support from treating rheumatologists, while patient motivation was seen as a facilitating factor. Conclusion: Although HR is recommended, there is little evidence of its effectiveness in ICR. Only 36 % of responding centers have implemented such a program. This survey helps to identify the obstacles and facilitators, and to find solutions for extending this practice

Texte et contexte dans les illustrations de Romola de George Eliot par Frederic Lord Leighton

Dans un courrier daté du 21 mai 1862, George Henry Lewes écrit : « [The new novel] is to be illustrated by Leighton who is by far the best man to be had in England. Smith is in high glee at such an attraction for the Magazine » (Haight 1955, 37). Rédacteur en chef du Cornhill Magazine, à la tête duquel il a succédé quelques mois auparavant à Thackeray, George Smith vient en effet de charger un jeune artiste, Frederic Leighton, de réaliser les illustrations du prochain roman de George Eliot. À..

"A 'Damned Proeraphaelite'? George du Maurier's Ekphrastic Drawings for Good Words, Once a Week and The Cornhill (1860-65)"

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Texte et contexte dans les illustrations de Romola de George Eliot par Frederic Lord Leighton

Dans un courrier daté du 21 mai 1862, George Henry Lewes écrit : « [The new novel] is to be illustrated by Leighton who is by far the best man to be had in England. Smith is in high glee at such an attraction for the Magazine » (Haight 1955, 37). Rédacteur en chef du Cornhill Magazine, à la tête duquel il a succédé quelques mois auparavant à Thackeray, George Smith vient en effet de charger un jeune artiste, Frederic Leighton, de réaliser les illustrations du prochain roman de George Eliot. À..

« Inventing Rather than Copying? Gustave Doré's Pilgrimage to London », Mutual (In)Comprehensions: France and Britain in the Long Nineteenth-Century, Mitchell, Rosemary, Di Drummond and Nathan Uglow (Dir.), Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2013, pp 28-40.

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Revolutions in Print. Rebellion, Reform & The Press, Catherine Clay and Andrew Thacker (Eds.), Lab at Nottingham Castle.

The Tomahawk (1867-70) was a conservative satirical journal whose short existence coincided exactly with the debates around the Second Reform Act. Edited by Arthur William À Beckett, whose father Gilbert Abbott had been one of the founders of Punch, the magazine mainly thrived on the cartoons of Matthew ‘Matt’ Somerville Morgan (1836-90), a former theatrical scene designer who also worked for Fun. The object of this article is to examine the impact of Morgan’s specific pictorial idiom, as expressed in his dramatic and emotionally engaging depictions of the Reform League, on the Tomahawk’s discourse on the extension of male suffrage. Largely influenced by the conventions of the Regency single-plate etchings, the artist’s colourised fold-out engravings came with a ‘radical’ strength which somewhat challenged the reactionary message they conveyed, resulting in an interesting blurring of the magazine’s principled rhetoric on the nature and the scope of the Victorian political nation

Networks in the British and Irish Periodical Press in the Long 19th century

La journée d’étude "Networks in the British and Irish Periodical Press in the Long 19th century" s’est tenue en ligne le vendredi 26 mars 2021, organisée par l’Equipe de Recherche Interdisciplinaire sur la Grande-Bretagne, l’Irlande et l’Amérique du Nord (ERIBIA). Réunissant les deux équipes internes de l’ERIBIA, Littératures, Images, Sociétés Anglophones (LSA) et le Groupe de Recherches en Etudes Irlandaises (GREI), cette manifestation coordonnée par Françoise Baillet et Christophe Gillissen..