Draft Genome Sequence of the Anaerobic, Nitrate-Dependent, Fe(II)-Oxidizing Bacterium \u3ci\u3ePseudogulbenkiania ferrooxidans\u3c/i\u3e Strain 2002

Pseudogulbenkiania ferrooxidans strain 2002 was isolated as a lithoautotrophic, Fe(II)-oxidizing, nitrate-reducing bacterium. Phylogenetically, it is in a clade within the family Neisseriaceae in the order Nessieriales of the class Betaproteobacteria. It is anticipated that comparative genomic analysis of this strain with other nitrate-dependent, Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria will aid in the elucidation of the genetics and biochemistry underlying this critically important geochemical metabolism

“I’ve Devoted My Entire Life to My Daughter—and She Knows It”: Exploration of Identity Development Among Now-Adult Navajo Native American Adolescent Mothers

n 1992 (n = 21) and 1995 (n = 8), the principal investigator collected data from 29 reservation-residing Navajo Native American teenage mothers. A primary goal of the 1992 and 1995 investigations (Time 1) was to examine the identity status of the young women in relation to commitment to the maternal role using Marcia’s (1980) framework. Results revealed that an approximately equal number of participants could be classified as achieved, moratorium, foreclosed, and diffused (see Dalla, 2000). In 2007 (Time 2), the principal investigator returned to collect follow-up data at the Navajo Reservation, where she interviewed 21 (72%) of the original 29 women. Using a qualitative research strategy, the primary goal of this investigation was to examine developmental trajectories of participants’ identity status in relation to four significant life domains (i.e., maternity, intimate relationships, work/ occupation, and culture). The frequencies of the identity achievement status were higher at Time 2 than at Time 1, and this identity status was also more stable than the other statuses. Findings supported the expectation that presence in the identity achievement status would be positively associated with well-being, whereas the identity diffusion status has a negative association with such functioning. The authors discuss suggestions for continued research and application of findings

Completed Genome Sequence of the Anaerobic Iron-Oxidizing Bacterium \u3ci\u3eAcidovorax ebreus\u3c/i\u3e Strain TPSY

Acidovorax ebreus strain TPSY is the first anaerobic nitrate-dependent Fe(II) oxidizer for which there is a completed genome sequence. Preliminary protein annotation revealed an organism optimized for survival in a complex environmental system. Here, we briefly report the completed and annotated genome sequence of strain TPSY

Bacterial antibiotic resistance and horizontal gene transfer in slurries and slurry amended agricultural soils

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Bacterial antibiotic resistance and horizontal gene transfer in slurries and slurry amended agricultural soils

A two-year investigation was performed to assess the environmental impact of veterinary medicines released into the environment through the application of pig slurries to agricultural soils. Concern has been growing about the use of antibiotics in livestock husbandry and the possible selection and horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes in bacteria. The fate and mobility of sulphachloropyridazine, oxytetracycline and tylosin was measured, when added to soils via slurry. Plate counts and bacterial isolations were performed to calculate the numbers of antibiotic resistant culturable bacteria present in the soils before and after the application of slurry, from tylosin-fed pigs amended with sulphachloropyridazine and oxytetracycline. Soil cores were collected in years 1 and 2 after slurry application at days 1,21, 90, 120 and 289 or 240 in year 2. The year 1, day 289 soil cores were also used as the pre-application samples for year 2. In total 583 bacterial isolates were collected from all slurries, soil time points and drainflow samples from non-selective Iso-Sensitest agar plates and selective plates containing a range of concentrations of sulphachloropyridazine, oxytetracycline and tylosin. The 583 bacterial isolates were screened by PCR for the sulphonamide resistance genes; sull, sulll and su/3 and the intll and intI2 genes for the Class 1 and 2 integrons. PCR screening enabled an assessment of the prevalence and distribution of these mobile genetic elements and their potential and degree of horizontal gene transfer in the slurry and soil environments of this study, where the integrons were localised to a conjugative plasmid. PCR positive for the intll gene were 5.83 % of bacterial isolates and 9.7 % were positive for the intI2 gene. Of the intll positive isolates, 57.56 % were collected from selective plates containing 50 pg/ml tylosin. suggesting a link between tylosin resistance and Class 1 intégrons. The intll and intI2 positive isolates were identified by 16S rRNA and a number of new bacterial genera encoding intégrons were described, including a number of Psychrobacter spp. These integrase genes were also identified in number of putative Gram positive organisms including Bacillus sp. and Arthrobacter sp., providing evidence of horizontal gene transfer events from the Enterobacteriacae hosts commonly demonstrated to carry Class 1 and 2 intégrons. Furthermore, the transfer of a plasmid with high similarity to that from Corynebacterium glutamicum, encoding a novel Class 1 integron, was demonstrated from an Arthrobacter sp. to Pseudomonas putida and Escherichia coli recipients. Despite clinical studies confirming the intll and sull genes are commonly located together on a Class 1 intégrons, this environmental study demonstrates no link between the two genes in cultured bacterial isolates from both antibiotic amended slurries and slurry amended soils. The data presented in this study demonstrated there maybe a pool of antibiotic resistant bacteria, in the soil and pig slurry environments, which was detected both in the presence and absence of a selective pressure. Of the total number of isolates collected in this study, 31.05 % were PCR positive for one of the three known alternative DHPS genes conferring sulphonamide resistance. Of these 181 sul gene containing bacterial isolates (a number of which were identified by 16S rRNA), 12 encoded all three genes; sull, sulll and su!3. These 12 isolates were characterised in detail, including the potential for transfer of the sulphonamide resistance genes. These 12 isolates belonged to the genera of Acinetobacter, Psychrobacter and Bacillus. No correlation was demonstrated between sul carriage and MIC levels for sulphachloropyridazine within the 12 sull, II and 3 positive isolates or within Acinetobacter sp. which were PC'R positive for none, one or more sul genes. Data is presented for the long-term survival of enteric bacteria in the soil environment as a result of release through slurry applications to the soils. A phenomenon was investigated in which MIC values were reduced through bacterial removal from soils and laboratory repeated subculture but increased on return back into soil microcosms

“I’ve Devoted My Entire Life to My Daughter—and She Knows It”: Exploration of Identity Development Among Now-Adult Navajo Native American Adolescent Mothers

n 1992 (n = 21) and 1995 (n = 8), the principal investigator collected data from 29 reservation-residing Navajo Native American teenage mothers. A primary goal of the 1992 and 1995 investigations (Time 1) was to examine the identity status of the young women in relation to commitment to the maternal role using Marcia’s (1980) framework. Results revealed that an approximately equal number of participants could be classified as achieved, moratorium, foreclosed, and diffused (see Dalla, 2000). In 2007 (Time 2), the principal investigator returned to collect follow-up data at the Navajo Reservation, where she interviewed 21 (72%) of the original 29 women. Using a qualitative research strategy, the primary goal of this investigation was to examine developmental trajectories of participants’ identity status in relation to four significant life domains (i.e., maternity, intimate relationships, work/ occupation, and culture). The frequencies of the identity achievement status were higher at Time 2 than at Time 1, and this identity status was also more stable than the other statuses. Findings supported the expectation that presence in the identity achievement status would be positively associated with well-being, whereas the identity diffusion status has a negative association with such functioning. The authors discuss suggestions for continued research and application of findings

Complete Genome Sequence of the Electricity-Producing “Thermincola potens” Strain JR▿

“Thermincola potens” strain JR is one of the first Gram-positive dissimilatory metal-reducing bacteria (DMRB) for which there is a complete genome sequence. Consistent with the physiology of this organism, preliminary annotation revealed an abundance of multiheme c-type cytochromes that are putatively associated with the periplasm and cell surface in a Gram-positive bacterium. Here we report the complete genome sequence of strain JR

Completed Genome Sequence of the Anaerobic Iron-Oxidizing Bacterium Acidovorax ebreus Strain TPSY ▿

Acidovorax ebreus strain TPSY is the first anaerobic nitrate-dependent Fe(II) oxidizer for which there is a completed genome sequence. Preliminary protein annotation revealed an organism optimized for survival in a complex environmental system. Here, we briefly report the completed and annotated genome sequence of strain TPSY