The significance of inter racial conflict in the identity formation of BME young people

A thesis submitted to the University of Bedfordshire in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Professional Doctorate in Youth JusticeAmidst growing concerns due to a rise in incidents of inter racial conflict between African Caribbean and South Asian young men; this thesis draws on the concept of identity formation as an instigating factor in terms of why young people may get embroiled in conflict with other cultural groups. Drawing on semi structured questionnaires with professionals and community workers, an ethnographic study with young people involved in or party to the incidents and a few in depth focus groups it explores the historical issues associated with the conflict, the development of identity and how and why this may be different for those from Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) groups and how it can then materialise into conflict when threatened. It aims to contribute to practice, knowledge and understanding of inter racial conflict and how the creation of positive identities can reduce these incidents. It also seeks to identify approaches and interventions most likely to be effective in addressing this which include working with parents, carers and the wider community who may carry some of the historical issues that allow the conflict to exist. Findings point to identity formation being complex and multifaceted, which can be affected through personal and social experiences: many of these being different for young people from BME communities. Identity is fragile and can be shaped and changed through these experiences which can be compounded by interrelated needs and anxious backgrounds which can then manifest into behaviour that targets those that they may feel threatened by. This study cites the importance of cultural specific responses and interventions which are holistic, informal and flexible to meet the distinct needs of not only young people but those that are influential in their lives. In addition it highlights the importance of work associated with identity formation and the creation of positive identities as a precursor to reducing conflict situations

Archaeobotany at Gabii: an investigation of macro plant remains in 6th century BCE Central IItaly

This paper is a consideration of carbonised carpological remains of mixed tertiary deposits from early Iron Age central Italy. The site in question is an elite stone settlement from Area D in the Latin city of Gabii. Twenty floatation sediment samples taken from Room 1, Room 2 and open areas of the complex were weighed, sieved and sorted for macro-remains. Carbon remains were set aside for future analysis and carpological remains were identified using an array of reference atlases, consultation and scholarship articles. Seeds and fragments were counted and considered in terms of formation processes and composition. While the formation process of the indoor deposits was the same, a significant difference in density, diversity and preservation was found in the open areas of the complex suggesting they stem from separate refuse sources and represent different assorted activities. In terms of composition, the deposits were found to be mostly rich in staple crops with little chaff and weeds present. It appears that the initial crop processing stages occurred elsewhere, attesting to an abundant availability of labour. The plant assemblage represents a range of crops typical of archaeobotanical studies from contemporary sites in the area with certain variations occurring due to cultural preferences. The plants of these deposits showed a limited range of crops usually associated with low status foods despite the wealth of the complex thus casting doubt on the concepts of “high” and “low” status crops. With archaeobotanical identification still pending in several areas of the complex, no definitive conclusions have been made on the exact location of initial processing, therefore a synchronisation of data will be needed in the futur

Parent/teacher communication in a middle school setting

This paper discusses the importance of parental involvement in a child\u27s education. It examines the barriers that occur which prevent communication from taking place between parents and teachers. Effective communication strategies are presented to foster genuine interaction between families and schools. This paper explores the following question: How do effective middle school teachers create and maintain a positive working relationship with parents. The purpose of this study is to: 1) research current literature to find different communication techniques being used by teachers, with an emphasis at the middle school level, and determine why parents and teachers communicate less often as students get older, 2) discuss teacher-parent communication methods used in a parochial school classroom in a rural community over a two-year period, and 3) survey parents of students in a rural parochial school to elicit their feedback in regard to what has been done over the past two years

Family Adaptability and Cohesion Influences on Positive Health Outcomes for Adolescent and Young Adults Undergoing Stem Cell Transplant for Cancer

poster abstractStem cell transplant (SCT) is a physically and emotionally difficult experience for adolescents/young adults (AYA) with cancer. AYA undergoing SCT require high levels of support to deal with illness-related distress. Family adaptability and cohesion are key protective factors influencing AYA outcomes throughout the SCT treatment process. Research on the influences of family protective factors on SCT outcomes for AYA is minimal. Purposes of this secondary analysis are to: 1) longitudinally examine the trajectory of family adaptability/cohesion and well-being; 2) describe AYA perceived family adaptability/cohesion and well-being at each of 3 three time points; 3) describe relationships between adaptability, cohesion and well-being from each time point to all other subsequent time points; 4) examine the longitudinal influence of adaptability/cohesion on well-being. The Haase Resilience in Illness Model (RIM) that guides this study identifies two risk factors and five protective factors that influence resilience and quality of life outcomes. The study design was longitudinal, descriptive. The sample included 53 AYA, 11 to 24 years of age, undergoing SCT for cancer at 11 pediatric or adult hospitals. AYA completed measures on a secure web-based server immediately prior to, during, and 90 days post-SCT. The RIM-related variables family adaptability, cohesion, and well-being were measured by the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale (FACES II) and Index of Well-Being (IWB). Descriptive and correlational statistics were used to analyze the data. We found that improvement in adaptability/cohesion is not strongly associated with improvement in well-being from T2 to T1 or T3 to T1, but is statistical significance when compared between T3 to T2. It is necessary to understand how family adaptability/cohesion influences AYA uncertainty and symptoms, coping, derived meaning of illness, and resilience, in order to develop effective family-focused interventions that foster resilience outcomes

A study of the chlorination of crotonic acid and related compounds

The chlorination of crotonic acid and of crotonaldehyde was studied under various conditions with particular reference to the products of the reactions. The reaction of crotonic acid with chlorine was carried out in water saturated with sodium chloride, in nitromethane, and in chloroform. In the first of these three solvents the products appeared to be entirely those which would he expected if the reaction proceeded through a two-stage mechanism in which the first stage involved electrophilic attach by a chlorine molecule on the alpha-carbon atom, followed by reaction of the carbonium ion so formed with any nucleophile present in the solution. In nitromethane the products were more unexpected, and appeared to consist largely of alpha-chloro-beta-hydroxybutyric acid, even when the reaction was carried out in dry solvent. A mechanism involving the intermediate formation of a lactone ring is suggested for this reaction. The chlorination which was carried out in chloroform produced, apart from ab-dichlorobutyric acid, a product which has not yet been identified conclusively, hut which, at the moment, appears to he a-chlorovinylacetic acid. A mechanism by which this could have been formed is suggested. One quantitative determination of the amounts of the two isomers of alpha,beta-dichlorobutyric acid produced by the chlorination in chloroform of crotonic acid was made, using the method of isotopic dilution. It was shown that not more than 2% of the isomer formed by cis addition of the halogen was produced under these conditions. The chlorination of crotonaldehyde was also carried out in chloroform. The reaction was faster than the corresponding reaction of the acid, and the products, after oxidation, consisted entirely of the two isomers of alpha,beta-dichlorobutyric acid, the one formed by cis addition to the aldehyde being present to an extent of about 20%. A nucleophilic mechanism is suggested for this reaction.<p

Determination of Meloxicam in Egg Whites and Yolks Using Reverse Phase Chromatography

A new method of analysis has been developed and validated for the determination of meloxicam in egg whites and yolks. Following a liquid extraction for the whites and a solid phase extraction for the yolks, samples were separated on an XBridge C18 column and quantified using UV detection at 360 nm. The mobile phase was a mixture of water with glacial acetic acid and acetonitrile, with a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The procedure produced a linear curve over the concentration range 5 – 1500 ng/mL with a lower limit of quantification of 5 ng/mL. Intra- and inter-assay variability was 10% or less for both the whites and yolks. The average recovery for whites was 96% and the average recovery in yolks was 97%

Determination of Fentanyl in Canine Plasma using HPLC-MS Detection

A simple, easy, and accurate high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of fentanyl concentrations in plasma samples has been developed and validated. Following a liquid extraction with acetonitrile, samples were separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on an XBridge C18 column (2.1 x 50 mm, 3.5μm) and detected by mass spectroscopy. The mobile phase was a mixture of water with 0.1% formic acid, and acetonitrile with 0.1% formic acid (90:10), with a flow rate of 0.6 ml/min. The procedure produced a linear curve over the concentration range of 0.1-25 ng/ml for fentanyl in canine plasma with a LOQ of 0.1 ng/ml. Intra- and inter-assay variability ranged from 2.6%-8.2% and the average recovery for fentanyl was 100%

Determination of Meloxicam in Egg Whites and Yolks Using Reverse Phase Chromatography

A new method of analysis has been developed and validated for the determination of meloxicam in egg whites and yolks. Following a liquid extraction for the whites and a solid phase extraction for the yolks, samples were separated on an XBridge C18 column and quantified using ultraviolet detection at 360 nm. The mobile phase was a mixture of water with glacial acetic acid and aceto- nitrile, with a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The procedure produced a linear graph over the concentration range 5–1500 ng/mL with a lower limit of quantification of 5 ng/mL. Intra- and inter-assay variabil- ity was 10% or less for both the whites and yolks. The average recovery for whites was 96% and the average recovery in yolks was 97%