Taboo Words in Pop, Rock, and Hip Hop Songs Medan

The study deals with the Taboo words uttered by the singer of pop, rock, and hip hop songs . The objective of this study was to identify the kinds and the reason of taboo words used by the songs in pop, rock, and hip hop genres. The source of the data was lyrics of three lates album in recent five years (2010-2015) which lead three genres; Miley Cyrus for pop, Linkin Park for rock, and Nicki Minaj for hip hop. Each of singers brought five songs as the data. The data were collected by selecting lyrics containing taboo words after listening the song and matching the lyrics from internet carefully. The results of this study were four kinds of taboo words; offensive slang, profanity, sexual referent, and scatological referent occured in the songs and the most dominant kinds of taboo word appeared was offensive slang

Interconnectivity and Metacommunication

The study of interpersonal communication touches on a range of different disciplines, each with their own focus. This has given rise to an apparent fragmentation in the literature (O’Keefe, 1993; Craig 1999, Stephen 2014) which is manifested in the categorisation of the various components of a communicative act and even the subdivision of the categories established. This can be seen in the study of metacommunication, which although considered an essential component of human interaction (Andersen, 2009; Wilmot, 1980) has been subdivided into a myriad of constituent parts. Whilst the separation of various components permits detailed focus on different facets of interpersonal interaction there is a risk that the complementarity of the various facets may be underestimated or even lost. Indeed to autonomise each aspect of a communicative act may not be conducive to a comprehensive understanding of what happens in an interaction since all elements, verbal, non-verbal and contextual, to name but a few, need to be considered and interpreted simultaneously. Approaches to the study of metacommunication, whilst being multidimensional, appear to have led to fragmentation. It is our contention that understanding of what constitutes a complete communicative interaction involves the consideration of these various aspects at the same time. Starting from the position that no category exists in a vacuum, and is part and parcel of a whole communicative act, this article draws on Wilmot’s seminal (1980) article among others and considers a more holistic approach to communication as an adjunct to the current tendency for separation. To illustrate this method, the article identifies various aspects and categories within the area of metacommunication and examines the convergence and potential divergence within them. Through the case study of silence as a communicative act that appears to bridge various sub-divisions , this paper argues for an umbrella conceptualisation that unifies rather than compartmentalises the various aspects of metacommunication

Implementing imperfect information in fuzzy databases

Information in real-world applications is often vague, imprecise and uncertain. Ignoring the inherent imperfect nature of real-world will undoubtedly introduce some deformation of human perception of real-world and may eliminate several substantial information, which may be very useful in several data-intensive applications. In database context, several fuzzy database models have been proposed. In these works, fuzziness is introduced at different levels. Common to all these proposals is the support of fuzziness at the attribute level. This paper proposes first a rich set of data types devoted to model the different kinds of imperfect information. The paper then proposes a formal approach to implement these data types. The proposed approach was implemented within a relational object database model but it is generic enough to be incorporated into other database models.ou

On free loop spaces of toric spaces

Growth of the Hilbert-Poincar\"e series for the rational homology of the free loop space of a toric space is addressed. In case the toric space is a manifold, the structure of the fan dictates whether the Hilbert-Poincar\"e series has exponential growth. Applications are made to the existence of infinitely many geometrically distinct periodic geodesics