Generalized Pseudo-SU(3) Model and Pairing

The pseudo-SU(3) model is extended to explicitly include the spin and proton-neutron degrees of freedom. A general formalism for evaluating matrix elements of one-body and two-body tensor operators within this framework is presented. The pairing interaction, which couples different irreducible representations of SU(3), is expressed in terms of pseudo-space tensors and a general result is given for calculating its matrix elements. The importance of pairing correlations in pseudo-SU(3) model calculations is demonstrated by examining the dependence of wavefunctions, low-energy collective excitation spectra, and moments of inertia on the strength of the pairing interaction.Comment: 21 Pages, 7 Figures (available upon request), Nucl. Phys. A in pres

Hoyle state and rotational features in Carbon-12 within a no-core shell model framework

By using only a fraction of the model space extended beyond current no-core shell-model limits and a schematic effective many-nucleon interaction, we gain additional insight within a symmetry-guided shell-model framework, into the many-body dynamics that gives rise to the ground state rotational band together with phenomena tied to alpha-clustering substructures in the low-lying states in C-12, and in particular, the challenging Hoyle state and its first 2+ excitation. For these states, we offer a novel perspective emerging out of no-core shell-model considerations, including a discussion of associated nuclear shapes and matter radii. This, in turn, provides guidance for ab initio shell models by informing key features of nuclear structure and the interaction.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Symplectic No-core Shell-model Approach to Intermediate-mass Nuclei

We present a microscopic description of nuclei in an intermediate-mass region, including the proximity to the proton drip line, based on a no-core shell model with a schematic many-nucleon long-range interaction with no parameter adjustments. The outcome confirms the essential role played by the symplectic symmetry to inform the interaction and the winnowing of shell-model spaces. We show that it is imperative that model spaces be expanded well beyond the current limits up through fifteen major shells to accommodate particle excitations that appear critical to highly-deformed spatial structures and the convergence of associated observables.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figure

Wastewater irrigation and health: assessing and mitigating risk in low-income countries

Wastewater irrigation / Public health / Health hazards / Risk assessment / Epidemiology / Sewage sludge / Excreta / Diseases / Vegetables / Leaf vegetables / Economic impact / Wastewater treatment / Irrigation methods / Developing countries

Fermentasi Nira Nipah Menjadi Bioetanol Menggunakan Saccharomyces Cerevisiae dengan Penambahan Urea sebagai Sumber Nitrogen

Nypa is one of biomass wich has a potential to be converted into bioethanol. Bioethanol produced through the process of fermentation of glucose with the help of a microorganism. In this research, nypa sap was converted to be bioethanol using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The purpose of this researches were doing the fermentation of nypa sap to produce bioethanol, to study the influence of the addition nitrogen source in the fermentation process, and obtain the optimum fermentation time to bioethanol production. The sequances of this research were preparation of material, equipment sterilization, making the starter (inoculum), making the medium fermentation and fermentation process. Fermentation takes place in batches with a volume of 2 liters of fermentation medium. Variation of urea were used 0,2; 0,4; 0,6; and 0,8 g/l, variation of fermentation time were 24, 36, 58, 60, and 72 hours. Temperature fermentation was occured at room temperatur (25 – 30oC). Ethanol concentration was analyzed by using Gas Chromatography. The highest bioethanol concentration was 7,12% at variation of urea 0,6 g/l and fermentation time 36 hours