Case Study 3: Movement Lawyers and Community Organizers in Litigation: Issues of Finances and Collaboration

This essay represents one of several Case Studies published as the Movement Lawyering Roundtable Symposium by Hofstra Law Review. The Case Studies were developed within a roundtable of movement lawyers, community organizers, and legal ethics experts convened in March, 2018 by the Monroe H. Freedman Institute for the Study of Legal Ethics at Hofstra University’s Maurice A. Deane School of Law. This Case Study addresses the ethical tensions encountered by movement lawyers and community organizers engaged in public interest litigation. The Study consists of three topics, with resulting ethics analyses of the issues that arise in the differing settings. The first involves questions of financing the broad work of a community organizing client, while honoring the mandates of the rule of professional conduct prohibiting a lawyer from offering financial assistance to clients in litigation. The second issue addressed how lawyers might share attorneys’ fees awards with community groups who are ongoing clients. The third issue pivots to questions of how movement lawyers might counsel community organizations about disagreements with other pro bono lawyers representing the clients. Each of these sets of legal ethics issues arises in movement lawyering practice, and can be confounding. This essay seeks to offer guidance to lawyers navigating these sometimes delicate ethical waters

Association between the polymorphisms of matrix metalloproteinases 9 and 3 genes and risk of myocardial infarction in Egyptian patients

Abstract The present study investigated the relationship between the genetic polymorphisms in MMP-9 and MMP-3 genes and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We examined 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction and 40 age and sex matched controls for MMP-9 functional promoter polymorphism (1562 C > T) and MMP-3 (5A/6A) deletion/insertion polymorphism using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) for amplified genomic DNA. The frequencies of the combined mutant genotypes CT and TT in the (1562 C > T) MMP9 were significantly higher in AMI patients (20%) when compared to the controls (0%) (p value = 0.005) showing an association between these genotypes and AMI. Also there was a significant difference between 5A/5A genotype and 5A allele frequencies when both are compared in the patients (25% and 35%) and the controls (2.5% and 18.75%) (p= 0.009; OR =13; CI= 1.576–107.233); and (p=0.02; OR =2.333, CI= 1.130–4.820) respectively. In conclusion, the 1562C> T polymorphism of the MMP9 gene is strongly associated with acute myocardial infarction in the Egyptian population. Furthermore, our study supported the presence of the 5A/5A genotype of MMP3 gene promoter polymorphism as a risk factor of AMI in Egyptian patients. Meanwhile, the race selection should be paid more attention since the pathogenesis of a disease might have different bases in different racial population groups.Keywords: Matrix metalloproteinase; 1562C>T; 5A/6A; RFLP; Myocardial infarctionThe Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics (2013) 14, 143–14

A Sigma-Delta ADC with Decimation and Gain Control Function for a Bluetooth Receiver in 130 nm Digital CMOS

We present a discrete-time second-order multibit sigma-delta ADC that filters and decimates by two the input data samples. At the same time it provides gain control function in its input sampling stage. A 4-tap FIR switched capacitor (SC) architecture was chosen for antialiasing filtering. The decimation-by-two function is realized using divided-by-two clock signals in the antialiasing filter. Antialiasing, gain control, and sampling functions are merged in the sampling network using SC techniques. This compact architecture allows operating the preceding blocks at twice the ADC's clock frequency, thus improving the noise performance of the wireless receiver channel and relaxing settling requirements of the analog building blocks. The presented approach has been validated and incorporated in a commercial single-chip Bluetooth radio realized in a 1.5 V 130 nm digital CMOS process. The measured antialiasing filtering shows better than 75 dB suppression at the folding frequency band edge. A 67 dB dynamic range was measured with a sampling frequency of 37.5MHz.</p

The Effect of Online Learning on the Academic Achievement Among Students of Jordanian Private Universities in Light of the Covid-19 Pandemic, Based on the Variables of Comprehension and Analysis From the Perspective of Faculty Member

The current study aimed to identify the impact of online learning on the academic achievement among students of private Jordanian universities in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study sample, which was a stratified random sample, consisted of (378) faculty members. Descriptive survey method was used in the current study. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, a questionnaire was developed, and its validity and reliability were verified. The results showed that the effect of online learning on the academic achievement among students of private Jordanian universities in light of the COVID-19 pandemic was average; results of the study also showed statistically significant differences at the significance level (a less or equal 0.05) according to the gender variable in favor of females, and no statistically significant differences according to either the type of college variable, or years of experience' variables. In light of these results, the study recommended that private Jordanian universities pay great attention to online education, providing it with the appropriate infrastructure, because this may contribute to enriching the cognitive skills received, upgrading students' behavioral level, and actively contributing to improving students' academic achievement