Protective effect of Malva sylvestris L. extract in ischemia-reperfusion induced acute kidney and remote liver injury.

Mallow (Malva sylvestris L.) has had medicinal and therapeutic uses in addition to its oral consumption. The present study was conducted to examine the protective effect of Malva sylvestris L. extract on ischemia-reperfusion-induced kidney injury and remote organ injuries in the liver. Before ischemia-reperfusion, rats in the different groups received intraperitoneal normal saline or mallow extract at the doses of 200, 400 or 600 mg/kg of body weight. After 30-minutes of bilateral renal ischemia followed by 24-hours of reperfusion, tissue damage in the kidney and liver samples were determined through studying H&E-stained slides under a light microscope. The degree of leukocyte infiltration and tissue mRNA expressions of TNF- and ICAM-1 were then measured to examine the degree of renal inflammation. The renal tissue MDA and FRAP levels were measured for determining the amount of oxidative stress. Plasma concentrations of creatinine, urea, ALT and ALP were also measured. Ischemia-reperfusion led to a significant increase in plasma concentrations of creatinine, urea, ALT and ALP, and renal tissue MDA, and a significant decrease in renal tissue FRAP. The expression of pro-inflammatory factors in the kidney tissue, the level of leukocyte infiltration and the amount of tissue damage in the kidney and liver also increased. Pretreatment by mallow extract led to a significant improvement in all the variables measured. The 200- and 400-mg doses yielded better results in most parameters compared to the 600-mg dose. The findings showed that mallow extract protects the kidney against ischemia-reperfusion and reduces remote organ injury in the liver

Representing histopathologic alterations in liver tissue of rats that underwent sham (A), renal ischemia/reperfusion and pretreatment with normal saline (B), or malva silvestris extract at 200, 400, or 600 mg/kg (C-E).

<p>(Haematoxylin-Eosin, 400x).</p

Plasma creatinine (A) and urea (B) levels in rats that underwent renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), pretreated with normal saline (I/R), or malva silvestris extract at 200, 400, or 600 mg/kg (I/R + M) compared to the sham group.

<p>Data is presented as mean ± SE (n = 7 in each group).</p> <p>* P<0.05 in comparison with the sham group</p> <p>** P<0.01, *** P<0.001 in comparison with the sham group</p> <p>‡‡ P < 0.01, ‡‡‡ P < 0.001 in comparison with the I/R group</p> <p>†† P < 0.01 in comparison with the I/R + M200 group.</p

Renal histological damages induced by bilateral renal I/R, and effect of malva silvestris extract administration on them.

<p>Renal histological damages induced by bilateral renal I/R, and effect of malva silvestris extract administration on them.</p

Representing histopathologic alterations in kidneys of rats that underwent sham (A), ischemia/reperfusion and pretreated with normal saline (B), or malva silvestris extract at 200, 400, or 600 mg/kg (C-E).

<p>(Haematoxylin-Eosin, 400x).</p

Light microscopic images of renal cortex for representing leukocyte infiltration in rats that underwent sham surgery (A), those that underwent renal ischemia/reperfusion while pretreated with saline (B) or 200, 400, or 600 mg/kg malva silvestris extract (C-E); and leukocyte infiltration as mean ± SE per square millimeters (F).

<p>Magnification: 400X.</p

Protective effect of <i>Malva sylvestris L</i>. extract in ischemia-reperfusion induced acute kidney and remote liver injury - Fig 3

<p>Representative semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of mRNA encoding tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) (A) in the renal cortex of the sham group (lane 2) and rats that underwent ischemia/reperfusion after pretreatment with normal saline (lane 3) or malva silvestris extract at 200, 400, or 600 mg/kg (lanes 4–6, respectively). Lane 1 is a 100-bp RNA size marker. Densitometric quantification of relative band intensities from RT-PCR assays for TNF-α and ICAM-1 (B).</p> <p>**P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 in comparison with their own sham group.</p> <p>‡P < 0.05; ‡‡‡P < 0.001 in comparison with their own I/R group.</p