Beş yıldızlı otel işletmelerinde etik uygulamaları : İstanbul örneği

06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan “Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun” ile 18.06.2018 tarihli “Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge” gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır.Bu çalışmada Etik tanımı yapılarak, etik kuralların çeşitli sektörlerdeki kuralları incelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Çeşitli meslek gruplarına göre etik kurallar ve ahlak kavramalarının karşılaştırılması yapılmıştır. Konu ile bağlantılı olarak turizmde etik sorunlar ve etik kurallar geliştirilme süreci anlatılmakta, ahlak ve etik kavramları etikle ilgili temel yaklaşımlar ve bunların iş hayatına uygulaması ele alınarak Dünya Turizm Örgütü'nün belirlediği (WTO) Turizm Etiği Evrensel İlkeleri ve yaklaşımlar çerçevesinde değerlendirilmektedir.Etik türlerinin tanımları yapılarak incelenmiştir. Çeşitli mesleklerin etik ilkeleri araştırılmış ve mesleklerin etik ilkeleri listelenmiştir. Çalışma, iş hayatı ile ilgili etik kuralların ve Turizm Bakanlığı Turizm Ahlak İlkeleri'nin Önbüro departmanında çalışanlarca benimsenip uygulanmasını ölçen bir anket çalışmasının sonuçlarının yorumlanması ve sonuç ve öneriler bölümüyle son bulmaktadır.Çalışmanın literatür taraması bitikten sonra anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Üç bölümden oluşan anket sorularında, birinci bölümde demografik bilgiler ikinci ve üçüncü bölümde ise kişilerin etik algıları ile ilgili beşli likert sorular sorulmuştur.Başlangıçta posta ile anket yöntemi denenmiş fakat anketlerin geri gelmemsi nedeniyle İstanbul'da yaşayan öğrenciler ve eski mezunlar aracılığı ile tek tek otellere gidilerek anket çalışması tamamlanmıştır. Çalışma sonunda ortaya çıkan veriler değerlendirilerek konaklama işletmelerinde çalışan Önbüro personelinin etik anlayışına bir açıklama getirmeye çalışılmıştır.Yapılan araştırmada; konaklama işletmelerindeki işgörenlerin etik algılama düzeylerinin genelde kabul edilebilir düzeyde olduğu, işletme yönetici ve patronlarının emir ve görüşlerinden etkilendiği, bununla beraber etik algı düzeyinde işgörenin karakter ve kişiliğinin önemli bir yeri olduğu sonucu ortaya çıkmıştır.Etik ilkelerin oluşturulması ve hâkim kılınası için öncelikle işletme yönetici ve patronlarının etik ilkeler konusunda bilgili ve inançlı olması gerekir. Bunun yanında işgören seçiminde ve işe yerleştirmede seçici davranmak işletmenin uygulamalarda etik algı düzeyini olumlu yönde etkileyecektir. Ayrıca yapılacak işbaşı eğitimleri ile hem sektör hem de işletme etik kuralları personele gerekçeli olarak anlatılmalı, teşvik ve yaptırımlarla ilkelere riayet etmeleri sağlanmalıdır.Ethics will be defined in this study; the ethical rules of conduct have been explored in various industries. According to various professional groups Comparison of ethical rules and moral understanding has been made. Issues in connection with tourism, ethical issues and ethical rules development process is discussed, moral and ethical concepts of ethics related to the basic approach and their work to the application considered by the World Tourism Organization determined (WTO) Tourism Ethics universal principles and approaches have been evaluated.Ethics are defined by species examined. Various professional ethical principles are investigated and professional ethical principles are listed. Work, work-related ethics rules and Tourism Ministry of Tourism Ethics Policy Front Office department employees be adopted implementation measures, a survey study results and interpretation of results and recommendations chapter ends with.Study of the literature survey was conducted after the ends. Three sections of the survey questions, demographic information, in part at the second and third sections of the people's perception of the ethical questions were asked by five Likert.By mail questionnaire method tested at the beginning, because questionnaires haven?t returned, and former graduate students who went to the hotel through a single survey was completed. The resulting data are evaluated at the end of work accommodation front office personnel who work in business ethics have been trying to make a statement.In a survey, accommodation businesses in the employees' ethical perception levels generally acceptable level that business managers and bosses of the orders and opinions of the affected, however, the ethical perception at the level of Employee of character and personality of an important place as a result has emerged.Dominate the generation of ethical principles and be a priority for business managers and bosses of the ethical principles must be knowledgeable and confident. In addition to this, employee selection and job placement to be selective ethical business practices will affect positively the level of perception. Also be made with job training and business ethics and industry personnel should be described as a reasoned, incentives and sanctions should be provided to comply with the principles

Improvement of life after PVCR in complete paraplegic patients with posttraumatic severe kyphosis

AIM: To determine the effect of posterior vertebral column resection (PVCR) in patients with paraplegia by using the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) score and Scoliosis Research Society (SRS)-22 questionnaire. MATERIAL and METHODS: Twelve patients with posttraumatic paraplegia and severe angular kyphosis (>60°) had undergone PVCR between 6-24 months after the trauma for severe pain, persistent vertebral instability and difficulty in adherence to rehabilitation. ASIA scores and SRS-22 questionnaire results obtained in the preoperative and postoperative periods, and the last control were statistically compared to assess the presence of any change.RESULTS: The average age of twelve patients included in this study was 35.6 ± 10.2 (21-51) years. Female/male ratio was 2/10 (20.0%). The mean follow-up duration was 50.3 ± 17.6 (24-86) months. None of the patients had additional changes in neuromonitoring records during surgery. The mean preoperative kyphotic angle of the patients was 66.58° ± 7.1° (60°-82°) which decreased to 7.0° ± 5.4° in the postoperative period (p0.05).CONCLUSION: In the light of these data, it can be stated that PVCR is a safe and reliable procedure in paraplegic patients with rigid posttraumatic kyphosis and increases patient satisfaction

Stock market forecasting based on bayesian decision theory and artificial neural networks

Borsa, sadece serbest piyasa içinde yer alan bir yatırım amacı değil, aynı zamanda ekonominin nabzını ölçen bir göstergedir. Borsa ve dolayısıyla hisse senetleri ile fonlar, uzun zamandır yatırımcılar, araştırmacılar ve bilim dünyası için çok önemli ve gizemini koruyan bir konu olmuştur. Borsa sayesinde, yatırımlarını doğru değerlendirebilenler büyük kazançlar sağlayabilmişken, çok büyük kayıplar yaşayanlar da olmuştur. Böyle büyük kazanç ve kayıplar söz konusu iken, yatırımcıların doğru tahmin yapabilmeleri için yardımcı bir destek sistemi kullanma ihtiyacı doğmuştur. Bu çalışmada, bir yatırım aracı olan borsa içinde yer alan ve ETF adı verilen fonlar için, teknik analiz ve karar destek sistemleri tasarlanmış ve bu sistemlerin başarımları kıyaslanmıştır. Bu amaçla, sistemde kullanılan her ETF’in kapanış değerleri kullanılarak teknik analiz yöntemleri kullanılmış ve bu yöntemlerle bir uzman sistem tasarlanarak ETF’lerin ertesi günkü değerleri tahmin edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca, başarım karşılaştırması için, teknik analiz sonuçları bir yapay sinir ağına (YSA) girdi olarak verilmiş ve yine ertesi günü tahmin etmeye çalışan bir karar destek sistemi oluşturulmuştur.Stock market is not only an investment tool in free market, but also is an indicator of the economic statuses of the countries. Stock market, and thus stocks and funds have been a very important and mysterious subject among investors, researchers and economists. People who made the correct investments have gained enormous profits whereas people who could not. Therefore, a need for a decision support system have arisen in a such important decision making process. In this study, technical analysis and decision support systems for the funds named as ETFs which exist in stock market, were designed and performances of these systems were compared. Thus, technical analysis methods were applied by using the daily closing values of each ETFs and the next day value of the ETFs were tried to be predicted. Besides, for the sake of performance comparison, technical analysis results were given as input to an artificial neural network and another decision support system was created. Finally, the results of these two systems were compared

Comparison of Bayesian Estimation and Neural Network Model in Stock Market Trading

In this study, a decision support system for stock market prediction is proposed. This model uses the historical data of 180K data points obtained from the 215 highest volume ETFs that are open for trade in NYSE. The data is analyzed with several different criteria such as next 1,2,3,4,5 days percent increase/decrease, percent moves with respect to 50/200 day Moving Averages, changes in RSI, MACD values, direction of movement within Bollinger Bands, etc. The next day prediction is made by statistical analysis on the data using a Bayesian Maximum Likelihood decision model and the best course of action (which ETF is most likely to increase its value) is identified. The training data for the model is the historical data of these ETFs between 1999 and 2006. With the trained network, 2007 data has been tested and the results are analyzed. In order to compare the performance of the model, a multilayer perceptron neural network is developed using the same training and testing data and the results are compared. For performance evaluation, both models analyze which ETF is most likely to create the best short term (1 day – 5 days) rate of return and perform buy/sell decisions accordingly. The results indicate that both models can be used in stock/ETF selection in short term stock market trading, however neural network model provided better results

The impact of treatment with continuous positive airway pressure on acute carbon monoxide poisoning

*Parlak, İsmet ( Aksaray, Yazar )Introduction:Approximately 50,000 patients per year present at emergency departments (EDs) because of carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication. The hypothesis of this study was that the half-life of CO and the regression period of complaints could be reduced more rapidly by applying oxygen with the Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) modality using a non-invasive mechanical ventilator.Methods:The patients were divided into Group 1 and Group 2 in terms of the treatment method applied. Patients in Group 1 received FiO2 1.0 15 l/minute oxygen at room temperature for at least 30 minutes with a non-rebreather mask. Patients in Group 2 received FiO2 1.0 oxygen at 12 cmH2O pressure with non-invasive mechanical ventilation for at least 30 minutes with an oronasal mask in the CPAP modality.Results:The median values (interquartile range) of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels at zero and 30 minutes of patients were 19% (8) and 14% (6) in Group 1 and 22% (8) and nine percent (3) in Group 2; a median difference of six percent (2) was detected in Group 1 and of 13% (4) in Group 2 in the first 30 minutes (P <.001). When the symptoms of the patients were examined, the median values of Group 1 and Group 2 at zero minutes were both eight units and at 30 minutes were five and three units, respectively. A decrease of five units was determined in the median of Group 2 in the first 30 minutes, and a decrease of two units in the median of Group 1 (P <.001).Conclusion:The use of CPAP was determined to more rapidly reduce COHb level as opposed to high-flow oxygen therapy. It is also thought that it may enable earlier discharge by reducing the duration of the emergency follow-up since it provides a faster improvement in the symptoms of the patients...

Antidepressant effect of Gentiana olivieri Griseb. in male rats exposed to chronic mild stress

Background: The flowering parts of Gentiana olivieri, known as ‘Afat’ in the southeastern Anatolia region of Turkey, are used as a tonic, an appetizer, and for the treatment of several mental disorders, including depression. The purpose of this study is to investigate the antidepressant effect of G. olivieri ethanol extract (GOEE) in a chronic mild stress-induced rat model, which was used to mimic a depressive state in humans, and to compare the effect with that of imipramine. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups: control, stress, treated with imipramine (positive control) and treated with GOEE at three different (200, 500, 1000 mg/kg) doses groups. The rats in all groups, except the control group, were exposed to chronic mild stress. At the end of the 3-week experimental period, biochemical and beha- vioral parameters were examined. Results: The results showed that treatment with GOEE or imipramine significantly improved rats’ sucrose consumption which was diminished by chronic mild stress, restored serum levels of corticosterone and proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)), prevented the increase of liver index of rats. Moreover, in the hippocampus tissue, decreased serotonin and noradrenaline levels were significantly increased by treatment with GOEE or imipramine, and antioxidant parameters (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH)) were significantly improved by treatment with GOEE though not with imipramine. Conclusion: The data demonstrate that G. olivieri may exert its antidepressant activity by improving monoaminergic system disorders, and by favorably affecting the antioxidant, inflammatory and the endocrine mechanisms

The adverse influence of spina bifida occulta on the medical treatment outcome of primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis

Objective: Previous reports have suggested that the incidence of spina bifida occulta (SBO) in patients with primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE) is higher than the general population. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of spina bifida occulta on the medical treatment outcome of PMNE. Material and Methods: Between January 2008 and December 2011, a total of 223 children (151 boys and 72 girls, aged 6-16 years; mean age: 10.1 ± 3.04 years) with PMNE were reviewed retrospectively. All of the children underwent physical examination, urine analysis, urinary tract ultrasonography and kidney ureter bladder (KUB) scout film. All patients were initially treated with a timed voiding program and were given desmopressin acetate when necessary. Results: Spina bifida occulta was detected in 75 children (33.6%). Spina bifida occulta affected L4 in 2 children, L5 in 6 children, L4-L5 in 3 children, S1 in 52 children, S2 in 7 children and S1-S2 in 2 children. Treatment was successful in 79% of the children without SBO, and in only 48% of the children with SBO. Medical treatment success rates differed significantly between the study groups. Conclusion: The presence of spina bifida occulta significantly affects the response to medical treatment in patients with PMNE. Thus, verifying spina bifida occulta status in PMNE can facilitate prognostic predictions about the response to medical treatment