Характеристика кариотипов у гибридов домашних коз (Capra hircus) с сибирским козерогом (Capra sibirica)

The article gives a brief description of the state of animal gene pool in the world and in Russia. The growing influence of anthropogenic factors leads to decrease in number of cultivated breeds. It demands searchingfor reserves to make up for gene pool loss. Goats (Capra hircus) are a promising source for replacing irreparable losses in gene pool of farm animals in diverse climatic conditions of Russia. Involving wild representativesof Capra genus in breeding through their hybridization with domestic goats is of interest. It requires genetic characteristics of animals, confirming absence of deviations from species characteristics and genetic anomalies.The purpose of the research was to evaluate chromosome sets in hybrids of Siberian ibex (Capra sibirica) and domestic goat (Capra hircus) of different origin for correspondence of their karyotypes to the species normand absence of chromosomal abnormalities. Chromosome sets were studied in Saanen goats (C. hircus), Saanen goat (C. hircus) Siberian ibex (C. sibirica) F1 hybrids, and offspring of Karachai goats (C. sibirica) inseminated with sperm of C. hircus C. sibirica F1 hybrid. It was found that the chromosome set in animals from all the groups corresponds (chromosome number and their morphological composition) to the karyotypic characteristic of species belonging to the genus Capra. No chromosomal abnormalities were found.Therefore, the studied animals can be used to create new breeding forms of goats.В статье дана краткая характеристика состояния генофонда животных в мире и России. Нарастающее влияние антропогенных факторов сопровождается сокращением числа культурных пород. Это порождает необходимость поиска резервов для восполнения потерь генофонда. В России с ее разнообразными природно-климатическими условиями козы (Capra hircus) являются перспективным источником для замещения невозвратных потерь в генофонде сельскохозяйственных животных. Представляет интерес вовлечение в селекционный процесс диких представителей рода Capra путем их гибридизации с домашней козой. Необходимым условием этого является генетическая характеристика животных, подтверждающая отсутствие отклонений от видовых характеристик и генетических аномалий.Цель настоящего исследования состояла в оценке хромосомных наборов у гибридов сибирского козерога (Capra sibirica) и домашних коз (Capra hircus) разного происхождения на соответствие их кариотипов видовой норме и отсутствиехромосомных аномалий. Изучены хромосомные наборы у отобранных для создания новой селекционной формы зааненскких коз (C. hircus), их гибридов первого поколения с сибирским козерогом (C. sibirica) и потомков от карачаевских коз(Capra sibirica), осемененных спермой гибрида F1 (C. hircus x C. sibirica). Установлено, что хромосомный набор у животных из всех исследованных групп по числу хромосом и их морфологическому составу соответствует кариотипической характеристике видов, входящих в род Capra. Хромосомных аномалий не обнаружено. Исследованных животныхможно использовать для создания новых селекционных форм коз

Biological integrity of bison epididymal sperm under cryoconservation and long storage

Conservation of biodiversity is one of the global challenges of the modern world. The preservation of animal genetic resources is considered essential for the food supply, since sustainable food production appears to be the greatest problem due to the human population growth, depletion of the Earth's natural resources, and many species becoming endangered. In situ and ex situ methods of preservation of the species (i.e. in/out of their natural habitats, respectively) are two major approaches to animal biodiversity conservation. Ex situ strategy involves the techniques for the genetic material cryopreservation. Cryopreservation of the wildlife biomaterials allows to use these genetic resources not only for the conservation and the renewal, but also for the introduction into the genotype of the farm animals. The bison (Bison bonasus) is identified as the rare and endangered species. At present, the free-living bison population in Russia comprises more than 1500 animals. A research concept of the Russian bison gene pool preservation includs creating cryo-preserved pool of bison spermatozoa. In this paper we report findings on biological adequacy of the cryopreserved epididymal bison semen after the long storage (for more than 20 years). The sperm samples were collected postmortem from the testicular appendages of four bison males sustained the injuries incompatible with life or culled and used for hunting. For the assessment of semen motility we used a computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) device; the DNA fragmentation index was assessed in AO-test with the acridine orange staining. The acrosomal integrity was studied by Diff-Quik staining method. It was shown that the semen quality parameters differed significantly due to the individual peculiarities of the bison. The spermatozoa of A + B grade which performed good motility and rectilinear motion reached more than 28 % in the semen of the males Mutfil and Morus, while in the Avel's and Misir's semen over 67 % spermatozoa were non-motile and 12.1 % and 10.4 % spermatozoa exhibited rotational and vibrational motions, respectively. The frequency of spermatozoa with pathomor-phological changes significantly varied depending on the individual properties of the bison, with the greatest and the lowest values of 14.6 % and 6.8 %, respectively. The DNA fragmentation index reflecting sperm chromatin integrity can depend on the numerous biotic and abiotic factors and may vary in great ranges. In our surveys, it varied from 7 % to 86 %. For all the morphometric parameters, except the head width, the bison spermatozoa were inferior to the spermatozoa of the bulls though the differences between animal groups were not statistically significant. However, the area of the spermatozoa head in bulls was 3.14 |xm2 larger than that of bison

Biological integrity of bison epididymal sperm under cryoconservation and long storage

Conservation of biodiversity is one of the global challenges of the modern world. The preservation of animal genetic resources is considered essential for the food supply, since sustainable food production appears to be the greatest problem due to the human population growth, depletion of the Earth's natural resources, and many species becoming endangered. In situ and ex situ methods of preservation of the species (i.e. in/out of their natural habitats, respectively) are two major approaches to animal biodiversity conservation. Ex situ strategy involves the techniques for the genetic material cryopreservation. Cryopreservation of the wildlife biomaterials allows to use these genetic resources not only for the conservation and the renewal, but also for the introduction into the genotype of the farm animals. The bison (Bison bonasus) is identified as the rare and endangered species. At present, the free-living bison population in Russia comprises more than 1500 animals. A research concept of the Russian bison gene pool preservation includs creating cryo-preserved pool of bison spermatozoa. In this paper we report findings on biological adequacy of the cryopreserved epididymal bison semen after the long storage (for more than 20 years). The sperm samples were collected postmortem from the testicular appendages of four bison males sustained the injuries incompatible with life or culled and used for hunting. For the assessment of semen motility we used a computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) device; the DNA fragmentation index was assessed in AO-test with the acridine orange staining. The acrosomal integrity was studied by Diff-Quik staining method. It was shown that the semen quality parameters differed significantly due to the individual peculiarities of the bison. The spermatozoa of A + B grade which performed good motility and rectilinear motion reached more than 28 % in the semen of the males Mutfil and Morus, while in the Avel's and Misir's semen over 67 % spermatozoa were non-motile and 12.1 % and 10.4 % spermatozoa exhibited rotational and vibrational motions, respectively. The frequency of spermatozoa with pathomor-phological changes significantly varied depending on the individual properties of the bison, with the greatest and the lowest values of 14.6 % and 6.8 %, respectively. The DNA fragmentation index reflecting sperm chromatin integrity can depend on the numerous biotic and abiotic factors and may vary in great ranges. In our surveys, it varied from 7 % to 86 %. For all the morphometric parameters, except the head width, the bison spermatozoa were inferior to the spermatozoa of the bulls though the differences between animal groups were not statistically significant. However, the area of the spermatozoa head in bulls was 3.14 |xm2 larger than that of bison