Study on genetic diversity of some Iranian Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cultivars using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), inter sequence repeat (ISSR) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers: A comparative study

Iran has a rich and diverse pistachio germplasm and thereby, the diversity and number of Iranian pistachio cultivars is unique in the world. In this study, 31 pistachio cultivars and genotypes were characterized by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), inter sequence repeat (ISSR) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The general dendrogram constructed using the combined data of the three sets of molecular markers was to some extent similar to those obtained separately with each marker. The overall principle coordinate analysis (PCA) based on genetic similarity matrices showed that the first three eigenvectors accounted for 28.46% of the total molecular variation. Therefore, the PCA results confirmed the results of cluster analysis .In SSR population analysis, the four primers produced 11 alleles among 31 pistachio genotypes with an average value of 2.75 alleles. 100% polymorphism was observed at all of these loci. The low average polymorphic information content value of 0.4374 indicated the presence of high genetic similarity among genotypes and entails development of additional polymorphic SSR primers for effective characterization of Iranian pistachio cultivars/genotypes. According to the effective multiplex ratio and assay efficiency index, it was shown that RAPD markers were the most powerful to differentiate the genotypes followed by ISSR and SSR markers, respectively.Keywords: Pistacia vera, genetic diversity, clustering, population parameters

The salicylic acid effect on the Salvia officianlis L. sugar, protein and proline contents under salinity (NaCl) stress

Plant growth is impressed by biotic and abiotic stress inversely. There are many reports about proteins change level in salinity stress. Leaves fill up more soluble sugar of glucose, fructose and proline with treatment of salicylic acid. In this research, Salivia officialis seeds planted in pots containing perlite were put in a growth chamber under controlled conditions of 27 ±2 0C and 23 ±2 0C temperature, 14h lightness and 10h darkness; NaCl concentration of 0,4,8,12 ds/m and salicylic acid concentration of 0,1,2,4 mM were used in the form of factorial experiment in a complete randomized design (CRD). The results demonstrated that increasing of proline and sugars due to osmotic slope in plants lead to increasing of tolerance against dehydrations of leave content and acceleration of plant developments in stress conditions

Distressed and Failing IS Projects: A Critical Review of the Literature

This research-in-progress paper evaluates the literature regarding distress in information systems (IS) development projects. An IS project is seen as distressed when experiencing critical problems that may ultimately result in project failure. This paper first discusses the notion of IS project distress in contrast to IS project failure and briefly examines corresponding literature. A more detailed review of existing research on IS project distress shows that two different interpretative perspectives—process and narrative—have identified several problems that cause distressed states in IS development projects and ways of responding and coping with such problems. While little attention has been devoted to research on IS project distress, the results of this research stream are highly relevant and valuable for real life project situations. Based on our literature review, we propose shifting research focus towards IS project distress and problematic situations experienced during IS development projects. Keywords IS project distress, IS project success and failure, IS success and failure, failure signals

Agrobacterium Mediated Transformation of Fld and GUS Genes into Canola for Salinity Stress

Salinity is one of the major abiotic stress which limits wide spread canola cultivation. One way to overcome this problem could be transfection, to produce tolerable species. Cotyledonary and hypocotyls explants obtained from 4 and 7 days old seedling of Elite and RJS003 varieties were utilized in this study. Genetic transformation was implemented through Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 containing PBI121 plasmid and Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58, LBA4404, AGL0 and EHA 101 strains which contain P6u- ubi- fvt1 construct. The T-DNA region of P6u- Ubi- Fvt1 plasmid included HPT (Hygromycin phosphotransferase) plant selectable marker and Fld (flavodoxin) gene. PBI121 plasmid had NptII (Neomycin phosphotransferase) plant Selectable marker and β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter genes. Transfected explants were analyzed by PCR and histochemical assay for Fld and Gus genes, respectively. Our data indicated that the cotyledonary explants of both cultivars were incompetent to be infected with Fld gens. However, the transformation in Elite hypocotyls explants with Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 and LBA 4404 strains were confirmed through PCR product and histochemical evaluation for Fld and GUS genes, respectively. Therefore, the result of this manuscript may to certain degree fulfill the endeavor appointed to this oilseed

Preventive dental behaviors among U.S. college students based on the Health Belief Model

Introduction. Individuals' beliefs about oral diseases can influence their preventive dental behaviors such as tooth brushing, tooth flossing, and regular dental checkups. The Health Belief Model (HBM) has been frequently utilized in behavioral studies to better understand health behaviors, and it can be used as an indicator of preventive dental behaviors. Studying the impact of COVID-19 on preventive dental behaviors would be also necessary to develop the foundation for future intervention research.Purpose. To evaluate college students' preventive dental behaviors based on HBM, identify key constructs of HBM to promote preventive dental behaviors, and determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on college students’ preventive dental behaviors.Method. 550 college students (ages 18 to 25; 69.8% female) participated in the study. An online survey was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics were calculated for demographic, COVID-19 variables, and the prevalence of preventive dental behaviors. After adjusting demographic characteristics, a multivariate analysis of variance was used to examine the relationship between the HBM constructs and preventive dental behaviors. In addition, chi-square was used to determine the prevalence of preventive dental behaviors associated with dental knowledge.Result. Perceived barriers and self-efficacy were significant predictors of preventive dental behaviors among college students (p < 0.001). Also, a significantly higher proportion of students with sufficient dental knowledge met the recommendations for tooth brushing and regular dental checkups compared to those with deficient and moderate dental knowledge (p < 0.05). Although most of the participants (about 80~89%) claimed that the COVID-19 pandemic had no influence on their preventive dental behaviors, a considerable number of the students still reported positive and negative influences of COVID-19 on their behaviors.Conclusion. The Health Belief Model could be an effective framework to promote preventive dental behaviors for college students, particularly, using perceived barriers and self-efficacy. In addition, increasing dental knowledge could be another effective strategy to promote preventive dental behaviors. Lastly, an intervention program for promoting preventive dental behaviors would be beneficial when the behaviors are treated as daily habits rather than common health-related behaviors

Physiological and biochemical responses of invasive species cenchrus pauciflorus benth to drought stress

The invasive plant Cenchrus pauciflorus Benth exhibits strong adaptability to stress, especially drought. When newly introduced certain plant species can become invasive and quickly spread in an area due to lack of competition, potentially disturbing the ecological balance and species diversity. C. pauciflorus has been known to cause huge economic losses to agriculture and animal husbandry. Thus, understanding the physiological responses of C. pauciflorus to drought stress could help explore the role of C. pauciflorus in population expansion in sandy land environments. In this study, we evaluated the response of C. pauciflorus to induced low, moderate, and severe drought stress conditions. Results showed a linear reduction in the fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), and relative water content (RWC) of the aboveground parts of C. pauciflorus following drought stress as compared to the control plants (no drought stress). Chemical analyses showed that the drought treatments significantly induced the production of proline, soluble proteins, soluble sugars, MDA, and free amino acids as compared to the control treatment (no drought stress). On the other hand, the starch content was significantly reduced in drought-treated plants. This was also accompanied by a significant linear increase in the antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, POD, and CAT) in plants subjected to drought stress. On the basis of physiological and biochemical analyses, we propose that C. pauciflorus has evolved to survive harsh drought stress conditions of the desert via sophisticated biochemical adjustment and antioxidant reprograming that allows protection against damage caused by drought stress

Describing and Comparing Archaeological Spatial Structures Case Study Meymanat Abad

Traditionally, occupation phases, without clearly identifiable contexts, have been excavated according to arbitrarily defined vertical spits. The disadvantages of this approach are obvious—where occupation occurred on an undulating or sloped surface, stratigraphic levels or activity horizons, if they existed, are often unlikely to be identified and it becomes almost impossible to differentiate different phases of occupation within any period. Recently, three-dimensional recording of artefact locations with survey equipment, such as total stations, has become more common on these types of sites. In this paper, this method for recording and modeling stratigraphic relationships using 3D analysis a ”Arcmap” programs is applied

Analysis of bovine growth hormone gene polymorphism of local and Holstein cattle breeds in Kerman province of Iran using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP)

Bovine growth hormone (bGH) gene is a part of the multiple gene family that contains prolactin and placental lactogens. Also, variations in introns have potential usefulness as genetic markers and could help in the genetic improvement of populations. Genomic DNA was isolated from blood samples of two local herds (53 animals) and two Holstein herds (50 animals). Genomic DNA samples were genotyped for the GHI-AluI polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). A 211 bp (bGH) gene exon 5 segment was amplified by PCR using bovine specific primers. RFLPs in this segment were studied using AluI restriction enzyme. The frequencies of V and L alleles in the local and Holstein herds were 0.2 and 0.65, respectively. For both herds, significant difference from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed.Key words: Growth hormone, polymorphism, polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism, local herds, Holstein herds