Phenomena of fluorescence and phosphorescence

The present paper introduces the basic concepts of luminescence via defining, classifying and enumerating the applications of various types of luminescence. Two key aspects of luminescence- fluorescence and phosphorescence - have been dealt with theoretically for monomolecular and bimolecular materials. The rate equations of these materials have been derived and discussed. The rise and decay of luminescence intensities for both monomolecular and bimolecular materials have been discussed. &nbsp

Two Dimensional unsteady Free Convective Flow of a Viscous Incompressible Fluid through a Rotating Porous Medium

An exact analysis of the effects of unsteady two-dimensional free convective flow during the motion of a viscous incompressible through a highly porous medium was undertaken. The porous medium is bounded by a vertical plane surface of constant temperature. The surface absorbs the fluid with a constant velocity and the free stream velocity of the fluid vibrates at a mean constant value. The analytical expressions for the velocity of the fluid are presented in the paper. The effects of rotation and permeability parameters on the axial and transverse components of velocity are discussed with the help of graphs

Hypervelocity impact induced mechanoluminescence of phosphors

Phosphors are materials doped with one or more impurities that give cold light emission when excited. When a high velocity projectile strikes the backside of a metal plate whose front side is coated with phosphor, then the light emission takes place from the phosphor. ZnS:Mn is an important phosphor which has many applications. It is observed that, when a projectile moving with a hypervelocity makes an impact on to the metal plate coated with ZnS:Mn phosphors, then  intense mechanoluminescence (ML )is produced.. The present paper reports the kinetics of ML induced by hypervelocity impact on ZnS:Mn phosphors ,whereby a good agreement is found between the experimental and theoretical results.&nbsp

Decay of phosphorescence and delayed fluorescence of organic materials

The Present paper reports the decay of phosphorescence and delayed fluorescence of organic material poly (2,7-(9,9-bis(2-ethyl-hexyle-flourene) (PF2/6). On the basis of the rate equation for the generation , recombination and diffusion of triplet excitons expressions are derived for the decay time of phosphorescence and delayed fluorescence of organic materials. The lifetime of phosphorescence is comes out to be twice the decay time of delayed fluorescence. The intensity of phosphorescence depends linearly on the intensity of the laser light used for exciton , however the intensity of light depends quadritically on the intensity of the laser light used for excitation. A compression is made between the theoretical and experimental results, in which a good agreement is found. &nbsp

Myrica esculenta Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don: A natural source for health promotion and disease preventdion

Myrica esculenta (Myricaceae) is a popular medicinal plant most commonly found in the sub-tropical Himalayas. It is widely used in folk medicine to treat several ailments such as asthma, cough, chronic bronchitis, ulcers, inflammation, anemia, fever, diarrhea, and ear, nose, and throat disorders. Due to its multidimensional pharmacological and therapeutic effects, it is well recognized in the ayurvedic pharmacopeia. However, the recent upsurge in M. esculenta use and demand has led to illicit harvesting by the horticultural trade and habitat loss, pushing the plant to the brink of extinction. Thus, the present review aims to provide updated information on M. esculenta botany, ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological effects, toxicity, and conservation methods, as well as also highlight prospective for future research. Particular emphasis is also given to its antioxidant potential in health promotion. In-depth literature was probed by searching several sources via online databases, texts, websites, and thesis. About 57 compounds were isolated and identified from M. esculenta, and the available reports on physicochemical parameters, nutritional and high-performance thin-layer chromatography analysis of bioactive plant parts are portrayed in a comparative manner. Friendly holistic conservation approaches offered by plant biotechnology applications, such as micropropagation, germplasm preservation, synthetic seed production, and hairy root technologies are also discussed. Nonetheless, further studies are needed to propose the mechanistic role of crude extracts and other bioactives, and even to explore the structure–function relationship of active components.Authors are thankful to A.P. Singh, Dean RIC, I. K. Gujral Punjab Technical University and members of sta_ in the department of RIC, I. K. Gujral Punjab Technical University for support and encouragement in this work. N. Martins would like to thank the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT-Portugal) for the Strategic project ref. UID/BIM/04293/2013 and “NORTE2020 - Northern Regional Operational Program” (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000012)

Phytochemical composition, antioxidant, and antimicrobial attributes of different solvent extracts from myrica esculenta buch.-ham. ex. d. don leaves

Background: Plant diversity is a basic source of food and medicine for local Himalayan communities. The current study was designed to assess the effect of different solvents (methanol, ethyl acetate, and water) on the phenolic profile, and the corresponding biological activity was studied. Methods: Antioxidant activity was investigated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2¿-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic) acid (ABTS) assay, while the antimicrobial activity was evaluated by disk diffusion method using various bacterial and fungal strains. Results: The outcomes demonstrated that methanol acted as the most effective solvent for polyphenols extraction, as strengthened by the liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. M. esculenta methanol extract showed the highest DPPH and ABTS radical scavenger antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 39.29 µg/mL and 52.83 µg/mL, respectively, while the ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts revealed minimum antioxidant potential. Methanol extract also revealed higher phenolic content, 88.94 ± 0.24 mg of equivalent gallic acid (GAE)/g), measured by the Folin–Ciocalteu method, while the minimum content was recorded for aqueous extract (62.38 ± 0.14 GAE/g). The highest flavonoid content was observed for methanol extract, 67.44 ± 0.14 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g) measured by an aluminum chloride colorimetric method, while the lowest content was recorded for aqueous extract (35.77 ± 0.14 QE/g). Antimicrobial activity findings also reveal that the methanol extract led to a higher inhibition zone against bacterial and fungal strains. FTIR analysis reveals the presence of various functional groups, viz. alkenes, amines, carboxylic acids, amides, esters, alcohols, phenols, ketones, carboxylic acids, and aromatic compounds. This FTIR analysis could serve as a basis for the authentication of M. esculenta extracts for future industrial applications. Compounds identified by LC-MS analysis were gallic acid, myricanol, myricanone, epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate, ß-sitosterol, quercetin, p-coumaric acid, palmitic acid, n-pentadecanol, n-octadecanol, stigmasterol, oleanolic acid, n-hexadecanol, cis-ß-caryophyllene, lupeol, and myresculoside. Conclusion: This study suggests that the methanolic extract from M. esculenta leaves has strong antioxidant potential and could be a significant source of natural antioxidants and antimicrobials for functional foods formulation.Authors are thankful to A.P. Singh, Dean RIC, I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University and members of staff in the department of RIC, I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University for support and encouragement in this work. N. Martins would like to thank the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT-Portugal) for the Strategic project ref. UID/BIM/04293/2013 and “NORTE2020—Northern Regional Operational Program” (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000012)

Determination of the trape depth of (ZnS) 1-x (MnTe)X Using theromoluminescence.

Thermoluminescence (TL) is a thermally stimulated light emission following the removal of excitation from an insulator or semiconductor. For luminescence emission,excitation is provided by irradiating the sample with X-ray or other ionizing radiation like α,β and ÎŽ –ray.  It should be noted that once heated to excite the light emission, the material can not be made to emit the thermoluminescence again by simply cooling the specimen and reheating

EFFECTS OF STRATEGIC DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF BUFFALOES ON ECONOMICS OF THEIR MILK PRODUCTION

ABSTRACT A study was carried out to elucidate the effect of strategic dietary supplementation on the economics of milk production in lactating buffaloes. The body weight of the animals was recorded before and after the experiment. Body weight recorded before the start of experiment in different groups was 554.5 + 4.66, 540.16 + 5.62, 552.9 + 4.36 and 542.1 + 7.26 kg while, at the end of experiment it was 557.20 + 5.0, 545.24 + 4.1, 547.99 + 4.1 and 538.88 + 5.0 kg, respectively. Milk yield of the animals recorded in different groups during the experimental period was 7.48 + 0.65, 7.54 + 0.54, 7.23 + 0.54 and 7.18 + 0.65 kg, respectively. The quantity of feed reduction was 1.28 and 1.65 kg/ animal/day in Groups 3 and 4 as compared to control group of animals. The economics of milk production calculated in different groups was 12.27, 12.09, 11.25 and 10.86 Rs of feed/ kg of milk production by the animals

Low Complexity Security Algorithm for CPS / IoT Networks

Due to its noisy nature, wireless channel plays a dominant role in deciding the performance of data communication between the smart objects in the cyberphysical systems (CPS) or the internet of things (IoT). Open and heterogeneous nature of these networks makes them susceptible to vulnerable attacks. So, to keep up the confidentiality and integrity of the transmitted data against the adversaries, it should be secured before transmission. However, issues such as power efficiency, low computational complexity need to be considered when designing security algorithms for CPS/IoT networks. Traditional encryption algorithms, such as Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA) can be used for security purpose, but they do not satisfy power and complexity criteria as per CPS/IOT networks requirements. Moreover, they exhibit poor bit error ratio (BER) performance in a noisy wireless channel. This paper presents a modified security algorithm, AES-P, with X-OR mapping on AES to make them suitable for CPS/IoT applications. Simulation and analysis of the proposed algorithm showed that its power consumption and complexity are reduced as compared to traditional AES. It also performed better in the wireless channel, while maintaining the required security level satisfied by Avalanche effect