Bleeding and related mortality with NOACs and VKAs in newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation: results from the GARFIELD-AF registry.

In atrial fibrillation (AF), lower risks of death and bleeding with non-vitamin-K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) were reported in meta-analyses of controlled trials, but whether these findings hold true in real-world practice remains uncertain. Risks of bleeding and death were assessed in 52 032 patients with newly diagnosed AF enrolled in GARFIELD-AF (Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation), a worldwide prospective registry. Baseline treatment was vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) with or without antiplatelet (AP) agents (VKA ± AP) (20 151; 39.3%), NOACs ± AP agents (14 103; 27.5%), AP agents only (10 748; 21.0%), or no antithrombotics (6219; 12.1%). One-year follow-up event rates (95% confidence interval [CI]) of minor, clinically relevant nonmajor (CRNM), and major bleedings were 2.29 (2.16-2.43), 1.10 (1.01-1.20), and 1.31 (1.21-1.41) per 100 patient-years, respectively. Bleeding risk was lower with NOACs than VKAs for any bleeding (hazard ratio (HR) [95% CI]), 0.85 [0.73-0.98]) or major bleeding (0.79 [0.60-1.04]). Compared with no bleeding, the risk of death was higher with minor bleeding (adjusted HR [aHR], 1.53 [1.07-2.19]), CRNM bleeding (aHR, 2.59 [1.80-3.73]), and major bleeding (aHR, 8.24 [6.76-10.04]). The all-cause mortality rate was lower with NOACs than with VKAs (aHR, 0.73 [0.62-0.85]). Forty-five percent (114) of all deaths occurred within 30 days, and 40% of these were from intracranial/intraspinal hemorrhage (ICH). The rates of any bleeding and all-cause death were lower with NOACs than with VKAs. Major bleeding was associated with the highest risk of death. CRNM bleeding and minor bleeding were associated with a higher risk of death compared to no bleeding. Death within 30 days after a major bleed was most frequently related to ICH. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01090362

Mesure du dichroïsme circulaire. Description de différents montages a très hautes performances

A number of devices are considered which perform circular dichroism measurements by a null-method. A theoretical study shows that they all possess similar characteristics. One particular actual achievement is fully described and its performance is illustrated with a number of magnetic circular dichroism curves. The spectral range 2 100-7 500 Å can be investigated. Our machine has both a good resolution (1-6 Å) and high accuracy. The smallest measurable dichroïc optical density is as small as 10-6 or 10-5 according to the resolution considered (6 Å or 1 Å respectively).On considère plusieurs dispositifs de mesure du dichroïsme circulaire par une méthode de zéro. Leur étude théorique montre qu'ils ont tous sensiblement les mêmes caractéristiques. L'une de nos réalisations expérimentales est ensuite décrite et ses performances sont illustrées par des courbes de dichroïsme circulaire magnétique. Notre appareil possède une excellente résolution (variable de 1 à 6 Å) et une grande sensibilité. Son domaine spectral s'étend de 2 100 à 7 500 Å. La densité optique dichroïque mesurable peut devenir inférieure à 10-6 lorsqu'on utilise une bande passante de 6 Å et reste de l'ordre de 10-5 pour une bande passante de 1 Å

Vérification expérimentale des relations de Kramers-Kronig entre indices de réfraction et d'extinction

The existence of a Kramers-Kronig type relationship between the refractive and extinction indices has been checked experimentally. The experiments on n and k have been conducted with a highly performing photoelectric refractometer and a commercially available spectrophotometer respectively. A large number of compounds have been studied — potassium, ferricyanide and bichromate, rare-earth trichlorides (RE = Nd, Er, Eu), ferrous orthophenanthroline, phenanthrene and anthracene — as solutions in the spectral range 2 200-6 000 Å. A single crystal of lead chloride was also run in the solid phase. In all cases, the Kramers-Kronig transform of the curve k(λ) fits correctly the experimentally measured curve n(λ). We are thus lead to the conclusion that the transform is valid, at least in all the above examples.Nous vérifions expérimentalement les relations de Kramers-Kronig, entre les indices de réfraction et d'extinction. Pour ceci nous mesurons ces deux indices sur le même échantillon à l'aide respectivement d'un réfractomètre photoélectrique de hautes performances et d'un spectrophotomètre commercial. La comparaison de la dispersion de l'indice de réfraction mesurée expérimentalement et de la transformée de Kramers-Kronig de l'indice d'extinction montre que les relations de Kramers-Kronig sont valables dans tous les cas étudiés. Ceux-ci sont relatifs au ferricyanure et bichromate de potassium, aux chlorures de néodyme, erbium et europium, à l'ortho-phénanthroline ferreuse, au phénanthrène et à l'anthracène, tous ces corps étant en solution, et à un monocristal de chlorure de plomb. Le domaine spectral étudié s'étendant de 2 200 à 6 000 Å. Dans tous les cas nous montrons que la transformée de Kramers-Kronig de l'indice d'extinction est identique, à la précision des mesures près, à l'indice de réfraction mesuré. Ceci confirme la validité des relations de Kramers-Kronig, au moins pour tous les exemples ci-dessus

ÉTUDE DE L'EFFET FARADAY DANS QUELQUES CRISTAUX ET VERRES DOPÉS AUX TERRES RARES

La variation du pouvoir rotatoire magnétique de verres dopés avec de l'holmium, de l'erbium, du néodyme, ou de fluorine dopée avec du néodyme, du samarium ou de l'oxyde d'uranium (U2 O8) a été déterminée entre 3 000 ou 3 600 Å et 6 000 Å, dans les régions de transparence comme dans celles d'absorption des ions d'addition. Les spectres présentés ont été obtenus à l'aide du spectro-polarimètre photoélectrique mis au point au laboratoire

MEASUREMENT OF CIRCULAR OR LINEAR, NATURAL OR INDUCED DICHROISM IN INFRARED

Author Institution: Laboratoire d'Optique Physique, EPCI, 10 rue VauquelinWe report on a new dichrometer suitable for measurements in the near infrared (1--5$\mu$). It is, in principle, similar to instruments operating in the visible and UV portions of the spectra. Linearly polarized monochromatic light goes through a birefringence modulator and two orthogonally polarized waves are obtained alternately, (e.g. right and left circular.) After passing through the sample, light goes on to a detector and a signal proportional to dichroism is measured at the modulation frequency. We used a photoelastic modulator operating at 9 KHz, considering KRS 5 as the birefringent material, a quarter wave may be obtained and used up to 10 $\mu$. Infrared detectors are semiconductors or photoresistors with a band pass of 1 MHz. The sensitivity of the instrument is limited by the noise of the detector and of electronic devices to $10^{-3}$ optical density units. However, this should be appreciably improved in the future. Preliminary Magnetic Circular Dichroism results will be shown on $Er^{3+}$ in glasses around $6500 cm^{-1}$

STUDY OF U AND U2 CENTRES IN BaCIF

Il est possible de former des centres U2(H0i) par irradiation aux rayons X à 78 K d'un cristal de BaCIF(D74h) contenant soit des centres U, soit des ions OH-. L'étude IR du mode localisé du centre U montre que l'ion H- se substitue a un anion F-. Le spectre RPE de BaCIF irradié aux rayons X est en accord avec l'existence de centres (H01) situés en position interstitielle au centre de la maille. Les paramètres de l'hamiltonien sont comparés à ceux des centres U2 dans NaCl.U2(H0i) centres can be formed by X-irradiation, at 78 K, of BaCIF(D74h) ontaining either OH- ions or U centres. The infrared study of the U centre local mode is in agreement with the model of H- ion in substitution of an F- anion. The ESR spectrum of the X-irradiated BaCIF crystal is typical of Ho atoms in interstitial site at the centre of the unit cell. The hamiltonian parameters are compared to those observed in the case of U2 centres in NaCl