Utilization of trawl bycatch in Gujarat (India)

Bycatch from trawlers forms a signifi cant quantity of the total marine fi sh landings along the northwest coast of India, particularly in the state of Gujarat, which contributes about 23 percent of the total marine fi sh landings in the country. This paper discusses the composition of this bycatch, its signifi cance in terms of nutritional value, its present utilization pattern and the scope for improvement

Frozen storage characteristics of ribbon fish

The frozen storage characteristics of ribbon fish, Trichiurus sp., in different forms are reported

Quality problems in fish processing

Various problems associated with the quality of the fishery products like spoilage, discolouration, microbiological problems, etc., are outlined. The reasons and remedial measures are discussed. The importance of proper handling, processing and hygiene is stressed

Cadmium in the purpleback flying squid Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis (Lesson, 1830) along northwest coast of India

The purpleback flying squid Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis (Lesson, 1830) is landed in small quantities along the northwest coast of India. Keeping in view the possibility of utilization of this species for domestic and export markets, the cadmium accumulation in the body tissues, which often causes concern, was studied. The dorsal mantle length of male and female observed during the study ranged from 34 to 47 cm and 30 to 32 cm respectively. The highest mean concentration of 435.22 ± 61.27 μg g-1 (mean ± S.E.) of Cd was found in the liver. Accumulation of Cd was also prominent in the gut, gills and skin. Moderate concentration of Cd (1 to 4 μg g-1) was observed in the nidamental gland, accessory nidamental gland, eyes, tentacles and muscle. In the gonads and arms, the concentration was below the acceptability level of 1.0 μg g-1. Higher accumulation in most of the organs/tissues of larger squids was observed. Significantly higher accumulation (p < 0.05) was noticed in the liver of larger specimens, indicating bioaccumulation. As the mean Cd content in the edible part was more than 1.0 μg g-1, this study highlights the need for detailed investigations to understand the bioaccumulation of Cd in Sthenoteuthis oualaniensi

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Not AvailableInformation on the concentration of trace metals in stomatopod crustaceans is scarce. In the present investigation, an attempt was made to determine the proximate composition, mineral and heavy metal content of stomatopod Oratosquilla nepa (squilla) off Saurashtra coast. The moisture, crude protein, total lipid and total ash contents of squilla were 81, 10.15, 0.6 and 5.1%, respectively. Potassium, sodium and iron content in squilla were 86.09, 76.45 mg% and 42.03 ppm, respectively. Comparison of trace and heavy metal residue accumulation in squilla weighing 5-8 and 8–12 g were compared for gut, exoskeleton and edible meat portion. Significant difference (p<0.05) was observed between the two size groups in the accumulation of copper and nickel contents in gut. No significant variation was observed in exoskeleton between the two size groups. Higher level of cadmium (1.94 ppm) was observed in the gut of squilla, however other heavy metals like mercury and lead and trace metals like cobalt were below the detectable limit.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableGujarat is a leading state in marine fish production and export . Recent fish produclion of the state is over 0.65 million tonnes and export over Rs. 6000 million. The sLate is leading in export of fish such as squid. cuttlefish and surimi. Contrary to general perception. per capita fish consumption in the state is 7.77 kg.yr•1• double that of national average. Dried fish and lishmeal accounts for over 55% of the fish production. The freshwater aquaculture holds good prospects in the state. Processing practices, i mportant fish and fishery products, and major quality problems in the state. are discussed in this paper. Need for prawn culture, maketing of freshwater fishes, l ive fishes and shellfishes are highlighted. The paper stresses the need to realise the potential for internal marketing and export of d ried fish and byproducts.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableIn tropical conditions there is a considerable loss in quality during handling and trading. The ambient shell lives of most species of tropical fish are fairly short, most species spoiling within a few hours after landing unless adequately iced. Implementation of quality control measures and HACCP compliance is more focused with respect to the seafood processing plants. However, the hazards prevailing outside the fish processing plants have a significant effect on the subsequent quality of the raw material to be processed. In this study an attempt is made to assess such pre-processing hazards at the Veraval fish landing centre in Gujarat, so as to develop a holistic approach to the seafood quality assurance programmes.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe present study aimed to compare the biochemical quality including toxic heavy metal content of the fish meal and squid meal produced in commercial units in Veraval, Gujarat. Moisture and crude lipid contents were 10.9% and 4.1% for fish meal where as for squid meal the values were 9.2% and 3.1%, respectively. The crude protein content of both the meals was over 60%. Bulk density and water holding capacity was significantly higher for squid meal compared to fish meal. Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed for total volatile bases and lipid oxidation products such as peroxide value and free fatty acids, with higher values for squid meal compared to fish meal. Concentration of toxic heavy metals viz., cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) were detected in both fish and squid meal where as mercury content was not observed in both the samples. Higher cadmium content was observed in squid meal (2.45 to 14.1 ppm) compared to fish meal (0.22 to 4.4 ppm) whereas lead content was higher for fish meal (4.6 to 18.2 ppm) compared to squid meal (0.46 to 1.77 ppm). Nickel content was in the range of 0.91 to 12.6 ppm in fish meal and 1.1 to 5.6 ppm in squid meal.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableHeavy metal accumulation in cephalopods has been one of the intricate issues in seafood export scenario in India. In recent years, many export consignments of cephalopods processed in Gujarat region were rejected on account of high levels of cadmium. To elucidate this problem, cephalopods landed at different landing centres and processed by various processing units were monitored during the period 2006-07. Among commercial samples of cephalopods, cuttlefish tentacles (0.52±0.08 ppm), squid tentacles (0.28±0.02 ppm) and frozen octopus (0.59±0.1 ppm) recorded highest accumulation of Cadmium. Organ-specific analysis revealed highest accumulation of Cd in the gut of Sepiella inermis (3.34±0.43 ppm) and Squid Uroteuthis (Photololigo) duvauceli (5.31±0.43 ppm). Similarly, in the Purpleback flying squid Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis, which is now a days landed by multiday fishing trawlers, highest residue level of Cd was observed in the liver (568.5 ±15 ppm), followed by gills, eyes and tentacles. Among different species of Octopus, highest accumulation was recorded in Octopus macropus (2.28± 1.11 ppm), followed by O. membranaceus (1.86 ±0.35 ppm) and O. defilippi (1.72 ±0.82 ppm). In order to find out the source of Cd, simulation studies were carried out by soaking squid muscle in ink, signifying the fact that poor post harvest handing and consequent rupture of ink sac, followed by soaking in ink-mixed water could be a reason behind high levels of Cd accumulation in cephalopods landed in Gujarat coast.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableIt is becoming increasingly important to screen for marine pathogens, using diagnostic tests which are both reliable, quick and inexpensive. Conventional procedures of isolating and characterizing micro-organisms are both time consuming and expensive. It is to be stressed that diagnostic tests for detection of fish pathogen and also for spoilage causing organisms, should be rapid, simple and reliable. Serology has to a great extent simplified monitoring and detection procedures of most pathogenic micro-organisms. Serological tests are now being used on a routine basis for disease diagnosis all over the world, both for human beings and for animals. Conventional serological tests however used polyclonal antisera, which has very little avidity pertaining to immunoglobulin binding. In other words the specific antibodies represent a diverse spectrum of molecules with different avidities (binding capacities), directed against different epitopes of the antigen. This could lead to several problems viz; cross reactivity, less specificity, batch to batch variation in results etc. The technique of monoclonal antibodies has revolutionized several areas of modern biological research. Monoclonal antibodies are finding increasing use in disease diagnosis and pathogen detection. They are produced by immortal clones of cells called 'Hybridomas'. They are identical with respect to several useful parameters viz; IgG subclass, allotype, variable regions, structure, idiotype, affinity and specificity for a given epitope. In using a polyclonal antiserum, the binding of non-specific IgG relative to antigen specific IgG may be uncomfortably high. This problem is greatly reduced with a monoclonal antibody leading to a much higher signal to noise ratio. A monoclonal antibody is capable of being applied in a variety of serological tests.Not Availabl