1,193 research outputs found
Quick wins to long-term outcomes. An evaluation of Surfwell for promoting the health and wellbeing of police officers
This is the final published version.The report presents an independent evaluation of the effectiveness of Surfwell, an innovative intervention that enables police officers to attend a supervised surfing session with the aim of promoting their wellbeing and mental health. Its unique basis combines the benefits of blue space (sea and waves), and the physical challenges of surfing, with strong peer support.Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC
Loop amplitudes in gauge theories: modern analytic approaches
This article reviews on-shell methods for analytic computation of loop
amplitudes, emphasizing techniques based on unitarity cuts. Unitarity
techniques are formulated generally but have been especially useful for
calculating one-loop amplitudes in massless theories such as Yang-Mills theory,
QCD, and QED.Comment: 34 pages. Invited review for a special issue of Journal of Physics A
devoted to "Scattering Amplitudes in Gauge Theories." v2: typesetting macro
error fixe
Photon-Graviton Amplitudes from the Effective Action
We report on the status of an ongoing effort to calculate the complete
one-loop low-energy effective actions in Einstein-Maxwell theory with a massive
scalar or spinor loop, and to use them for obtaining the explicit form of the
corresponding M-graviton/N-photon amplitudes. We present explicit results for
the effective actions at the one-graviton four-photon level, and for the
amplitudes at the one-graviton two-photon level. As expected on general
grounds, these amplitudes relate in a simple way to the corresponding
four-photon amplitudes. We also derive the gravitational Ward identity for the
1PI one-graviton -- N photon amplitude.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figures, talk given by C. Schubert at "Supersymmetries and
Quantum Symmetries - SQS`2011", JINR Dubna, July 18 - 23, 2011 (to appear in
the Proceedings
A Gauge-Gravity Relation in the One-loop Effective Action
We identify an unusual new gauge-gravity relation: the one-loop effective
action for a massive spinor in 2n dimensional AdS space is expressed in terms
of precisely the same function [a certain multiple gamma function] as the
one-loop effective action for a massive charged scalar in 4n dimensions in a
maximally symmetric background electromagnetic field [one for which the
eigenvalues of F_{\mu\nu} are maximally degenerate, corresponding in 4
dimensions to a self-dual field, equivalently to a field of definite helicity],
subject to the identification F^2 \Lambda, where \Lambda is the
gravitational curvature. Since these effective actions generate the low energy
limit of all one-loop multi-leg graviton or gauge amplitudes, this implies a
nontrivial gauge-gravity relation at the non-perturbative level and at the
amplitude level.Comment: 6 page
Generating MHV super-vertices in light-cone gauge
We constructe the SYM lagrangian in light-cone gauge using
chiral superfields instead of the standard vector superfield approach and
derive the MHV lagrangian. The canonical transformations of the gauge field and
gaugino fields are summarised by the transformation condition of chiral
superfields. We show that MHV super-vertices can be described
by a formula similar to that of the MHV super-amplitude. In the
discussions we briefly remark on how to derive Nair's formula for
SYM theory directly from light-cone lagrangian.Comment: 25 pages, 7 figures, JHEP3 style; v2: references added, some typos
corrected; Clarification on the condition used to remove one Grassmann
variabl
All Non-Maximally-Helicity-Violating One-Loop Seven-Gluon Amplitudes in N=4 Super-Yang-Mills Theory
We compute the non-MHV one-loop seven-gluon amplitudes in N=4
super-Yang-Mills theory, which contain three negative-helicity gluons and four
positive-helicity gluons. There are four independent color-ordered amplitudes,
(- - - + + + +), (- - + - + + +), (- - + + -+ +) and (- + - + - + +). The MHV
amplitudes containing two negative-helicity and five positive-helicity gluons
were computed previously, so all independent one-loop seven-gluon helicity
amplitudes are now known for this theory. We present partial information about
an infinite sequence of next-to-MHV one-loop helicity amplitudes, with three
negative-helicity and n-3 positive-helicity gluons, and the color ordering (- -
- + + ... + +); we give a new coefficient of one class of integral functions
entering this amplitude. We discuss the twistor-space properties of the
box-integral-function coefficients in the amplitudes, which are quite simple
and suggestive.Comment: 54 pages, v3 minor correction
Hard Interactions of Quarks and Gluons: a Primer for LHC Physics
In this review article, we develop the perturbative framework for the
calculation of hard scattering processes. We undertake to provide both a
reasonably rigorous development of the formalism of hard scattering of quarks
and gluons as well as an intuitive understanding of the physics behind the
scattering. We emphasize the importance of logarithmic corrections as well as
power counting of the strong coupling constant in order to understand the
behavior of hard scattering processes. We include "rules of thumb" as well as
"official recommendations", and where possible seek to dispel some myths.
Experiences that have been gained at the Fermilab Tevatron are recounted and,
where appropriate, extrapolated to the LHC.Comment: 118 pages, 107 figures; to be published in Reports on Progress in
Physic
A Deformation of Twistor Space and a Chiral Mass Term in N=4 Super Yang-Mills Theory
Super twistor space admits a certain (super) complex structure deformation
that preserves the Poincare subgroup of the symmetry group PSL(4|4) and depends
on 10 parameters. In a previous paper [hep-th/0502076], it was proposed that in
twistor string theory this deformation corresponds to augmenting N=4 super
Yang-Mills theory by a mass term for the left-chirality spinors. In this paper
we analyze this proposal in more detail. We calculate 4-particle scattering
amplitudes of fermions, gluons and scalars and show that they are supported on
holomorphic curves in the deformed twistor space.Comment: 52 pages, 15 figure
On-line mass spectrometry: membrane inlet sampling
Significant insights into plant photosynthesis and respiration have been achieved using membrane inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS) for the analysis of stable isotope distribution of gases. The MIMS approach is based on using a gas permeable membrane to enable the entry of gas molecules into the mass spectrometer source. This is a simple yet durable approach for the analysis of volatile gases, particularly atmospheric gases. The MIMS technique strongly lends itself to the study of reaction flux where isotopic labeling is employed to differentiate two competing processes; i.e., O2 evolution versus O2 uptake reactions from PSII or terminal oxidase/rubisco reactions. Such investigations have been used for in vitro studies of whole leaves and isolated cells. The MIMS approach is also able to follow rates of isotopic exchange, which is useful for obtaining chemical exchange rates. These types of measurements have been employed for oxygen ligand exchange in PSII and to discern reaction rates of the carbonic anhydrase reactions. Recent developments have also engaged MIMS for online isotopic fractionation and for the study of reactions in inorganic systems that are capable of water splitting or H2 generation. The simplicity of the sampling approach coupled to the high sensitivity of modern instrumentation is a reason for the growing applicability of this technique for a range of problems in plant photosynthesis and respiration. This review offers some insights into the sampling approaches and the experiments that have been conducted with MIMS
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