STABILITY-INDICATING METHODS FOR THE DERTERMINATION OF GEMIFLOXACIN IN PRESENCE OF ITS ACID DEGRADATION PRODUCT(S)

Brilliant, valid and simple five UV spectrophotometric stability indicating techniques are adopted for the determination of Gemifloxacin (GEM) in presence of its acid degradation products over a concentration range of 2-12 μg mL-1. The first method is an application of the first derivative (1D) spectrophotometry, that allows the determination of GEM without interference of its acid degradation products at zero crossing wavelength (254.6 nm). The second method depends on the first-derivative of the ratio spectra spectrophotometry (1DD) for determination of GEM in presence of its acid degradation products at a maximum of 273.0 nm and a minimum of 284.0 nm, While the third dual wavelength method offers a superior stability indicating procedures for the determination of GEM in the zero order spectra at the wavelength pair of 271.8 nm and 325.0 nm. The fourth method is the ratio difference one, with the advantages of minimal data processing and wide range of application. It is applied for the analysis of intact drug in presence of its acid degradation products by measuring the difference in the peak amplitude at the ratio spectra at 355.0 nm and 270.0 nm. The last method is based on the quantification of GEM through the bivariate calibration at 255.0 nm and 277.0 nm by adopting simple mathematic algorithm that provides simplicity and rapidity

The Calligraphic Inscriptions of the Miniatures of Kaaba in the Light of Selected Iranian Manuscript Exemplars from 8 A.H /14 A.D to 10 A.H/16 A.D: Artistic Study in Form and Content

God has chosen Mecca to be the location of His Sacred House, so Muslims from all over the earth go there. The Sacred Mosque and Kaaba have received the attention of photographers during the Islamic era so that there are many Miniatures executed in Iranian manuscripts depicting the Kaaba and the Sacred Mosque with all their architectural and decorative details. The Iranian artist has not forgotten to clarify the inscriptions executed on the Kaaba. The research aims at studying the calligraphic inscriptions executed on the Kaaba through selected exemplars of the Iranian manuscripts from the 8 A.H/14 A.D Century until the 10 A.H/ 16 A.D Century. Taking into account the diversity in the written inscriptions executed on the covering of the Kaaba in terms of form and content, the research tackles selected Miniatures that represent the Ilkhanian Mongolian period, the Timurid period, and the beginnings of the Safavid period. The study deals with the inscriptions in the light of an artistic reading and analysis of the form and content to show how the photographer is committed to that which exists in reality.The research is based on the descriptive and analytical approach of the inscriptions on the drawings of the Holy Kaaba - the study period - where I read the written texts and identify the script executed on them and its form, then dealt with the content of the writings and compare the writings executed on some models of antiques and contemporary buildings, and identify the extent of the reality of those inscriptions or not and comparison. Contemporary pictorial school And to identify the extent to which these inscriptions are realistic or not, and to compare with the miniatures of the contemporary pictorial school, and I have selected examples from the depictions of manuscripts in Iran in that period to know the extent of development in the writings in terms of form and content after the sectarian change and considering the Shiite sect the official doctrine of Iran in the Safavid era, and it is divided Search to:The first: the descriptive study and reading of the writings carried out on the drawings of the Holy Kaaba in the depictions of Iranian manuscripts from the 8th century A.H / 14 A.D until the 10th century A.H / 16 A.D.The second: analytical study of the writings executed on the drawings of the Holy Kaaba in the miniature of manuscripts

Autofluorescence of routinely hematoxylin and eosinstained sections without exogenous markers

Hematoxylin and eosin stained paraffin section was examined by fluorescence microscopy to study the pattern and distribution of fluorescence. Autofluorescence was sensitive and specific for detection ofelastic and collagen fibers. It was concluded that analytical morphological techniques based on autofluorescence can obtain information about morphological and pathological state of tissue and cells

Ultrasonography of fetal kidney length as the approach for estimation of gestational age in Sudanese

A true estimation of gestational age (GA) plays an important role in quality maternity care and scheduling the labor date. This study was to evaluate the  application of kidney length (KL) measurement to the determine GA between the 14th and 40th weeks and to compare its accuracy with that of other  fetal biometric indices. This study has been designed as a prospective descriptive cross-sectional study in Khartoum and Gezira states - Sudan. 389  Sudanese healthy pregnant women, age between 15 – 45 years were examined by ultrasound with normal and wellbeing fetuses. Linear regression  models for estimation of GA were derived from the biometric indices and kidney length. Also, stepwise regression models were constructed to detect the  best model for determining GA between 14 and 40 weeks. Comparisons were then made between the accuracy of these models in the determination of  GA. The equations derived from linear regression analysis when the individual variables were considered separately. Among the variable parameters  considered in this study, the most accurate was the kidney length with a standard error (SE) of (0.04) day, after that the biparietal diameter with (SE=0.10  day) and femur length, (SE=0.13 day). While the least accurate one was the abdominal circumference with an SE of 1.35 days. A significant correlation was  found between GA and KL (r=0.72, P<0.002). The Kidney length is the easy to identify and measure. It is the most accurate parameter for estimating  GA than other biometric indices in late 2nd and 3rd trimesters.&nbsp

Ethyl 2-methyl-4-phenyl­pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole-3-carboxyl­ate

The title compound, C21H18N2O2, was synthesized using a novel tandem annulation reaction between (1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)(phen­yl)methanone and (E)-ethyl 4-bromo­but-2-enoate under mild conditions. The dihedral angles between the mean planes of the five-membered imidazole ring and the pyridine, benzene and phenyl rings are 0.45 (6), 1.69 (1) and 70.96 (8)°, respectively. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked through inter­molecular C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds

A validated stability indicating HPLC method for determination of sitagliptin

A comparative and stability-indicating reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic study have been developed and validated for sitagliptin phosphate. The liquid chromatographic determination was achieved isocratically on Poroshell 120 EC-C18 (100 × 4.6 mm, i.d.; particle size, 2.7 µm), Pursuit 5PFP (150 × 4.6 mm, i.d.; particle size, 5 µm) and Chromolith performance RP-18e (100 × 4.6 mm, i.d.; macropore diameter, 2 µm) columns using a mobile phase consisting of methanol:water:triethylamine:acetic acid (60:40:0.1:0.1; v:v:v:v), at a flow rate 0.5 mL/min and UV detection at 268 nm. The method was linear over the concentration range of 100-1000 µg/mL (r = 0.9998) with a limit of detection and quantitation of 10 and 30 µg/mL, respectively. All the validation parameters and stability indicating study were studied on Poroshell 120 EC-C18 column, which achieved the best separation. The proposed method has been found to have the required accuracy, selectivity, sensitivity, and precision to assay sitagliptin phosphate in bulk form and in a pharmaceutical dosage form. Degradation products resulting from the stress studies did not interfere with the detection of sitagliptin phosphate that indicates that the assay are stability-indicating assay