221 research outputs found
Shari’a By-Laws in Indonesian Districts: An Indication for Changing Patterns of Power Accumulation and Political Corruption.
The Privatization of Metropolitan Jakarta's (Jabodetabek) Urban Fringes:The Early Stages of "Post-Suburbanization" in Indonesia
Problem, research strategy, and findings: Recent metropolitan development in developed countries is associated with post-suburbia, or a decline in population in the former central city and the growth of polycentric structures outside the traditional core. Current urban development in Asian cities, particularly in the Jakarta metropolitan region (Jabodetabek), also reflects an early stage of post-suburbia. We examine physical development patterns and the changing role of public and private sectors, although our approach is descriptive in nature. The rapid growth in fringe areas that have developed from dormitory communities into independent towns, triggered by privatization of industrial estates and multifunction new towns, shows typical post-suburban patterns. The national government's pro-growth economic policies and the local autonomy granted to local governments have given the private sector the power to largely control the acquisition, development, and management of land in fringe areas, accelerating post-suburban development patterns.Takeaway for practice: Planners in developing nations must be alert to the rapidly increasing role of the private sector, recognizing how the private sector can help the government to respond to regional needs for housing, jobs, shopping and educational opportunities, and infrastructure while understanding the key role that planning can and should play in ensuring private sector actions do not exacerbate regional problems and lead to uncoordinated public responses
Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation Induced Glial Scar-Like Change in Astrocytes
It has been demonstrated that cerebral ischemia induces astrocyte reactivity, and subsequent glial scar formation inhibits axonal regeneration during the recovery phase. Investigating the mechanism of glial scar formation will facilitate the development of strategies to improve axonal regeneration. However, an in vitro model of ischemia-induced glial scar has not yet been systematically established.In the present study, we at the first time found that oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in vitro can induce rat cortical astrocytes to present characteristics of glial scar. After OGD for 6 h, astrocytes showed a remarkable proliferation following 24 h reperfusion, evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and BrdU immunocytochemistry. Meanwhile, the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein significantly increased, so did the expression of neurocan, which is a hallmark of the glial scar. In further experiments, neurons were co-cultured with astrocytes, which had been exposed to OGD, and then the immunostaining of class III β-tubulin was carried out to assess the neurite growth. When the co-culture was performed at 48 h reperfusion of astrocytes, the neurite growth was obviously inhibited, and this inhibition could be reversed by chondroitinase ABC, which digests glycosaminoglycan chains on CSPGs, including neurocan. However, the processes of neurons were elongated, when the co-culture was performed immediately after OGD.Our results indicated that after conditioned OGD the astrocytes presented the characteristics of the glial scar, which are also comparable to the astrocytes in acute and chronic phases after cerebral ischemia in vivo. Therefore, the present system may be used as an in vitro model to explore the mechanisms underlying glial scar formation and the treatments to improve axonal regeneration after cerebral ischemia
Quercetin suppresses inflammation by reducing ERK1/2 phosphorylation and NF kappa B activation in Leptin-induced Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs)
It’s Not Only Rents: Explaining the Persistence and Change of Neopatrimonialism in Indonesia
Finding alternatives to swidden agriculture: does agroforestry improve livelihood options and reduce pressure on existing forest?
Ingredients Formulation of Analogue Rice Based on Location Spesific Flour, Case Studies in the Purworejo District
Multimedia in developing communicative competence among ESL students: cultural aspect
This article presents the results of the use of multimedia tools in the development of communicative competencies in terms of enhancing the cultural aspect in the process of teaching English to students who study it as a foreign language. Special attention is paid to the consideration of specific examples of the use of multimedia by teachers of the department of business foreign language and translation of the National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute".Стаття присвячена застосуванню мультимедійних технологій в процесі розвитку комунікативної компетентності серед студентів, які вивчають англійську мову як іноземну, з точки зору культурного аспекту. Автори статті розглядають історичні передумови виникнення такого поняття як мультимедія, аналізують етапи його розвитку, виділяють місце в сучасній педагогіці, а також відзначають його значення у сучасній методології навчання та викладання іноземної мови
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