Evaluación en campo del trampeo masivo de la mosca mediterránea de la fruta con Tripack® como alternativa a los tratamientos cebo con malatión en huertos de cítricos

The mass trapping technique based on the use of the female-targeted attractant lure Tri-pack® as an alternative to malathion bait-spraying (control treatment) was tested in two citrus orchards in the North of Tunisia against the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata during 2006 and 2007. Results of mass trapping trials in 2006 and 2007 indicated that adult males Medfly captures showed reductions respect to control of 37.62% and 40.2% respectively in mandarin orange variety (Citrus reticulata) orchard compared to 36.48% and 47.29% in Washington navel orange variety (Citrus sinensis) field. Fruit damage assessment showed significant differences between the mass trapping with Tripack® and malathion bait-spraying techniques in the reduction of the percentage of fruit punctures. The percentage of punctured fruit at harvest was significantly different between the treated and the control field in 2006 and in 2007 in the mandarin orange orchard. Nevertheless, in the Washington navel orange orchard, the percentage of punctured fruit at harvest was significantly different between the treated and the control field only in 2006. Thus, results obtained from this study showed that the mass trapping technique based on the use of the female-targeted lure Tri-pack® could be involved as an appropriate strategy for the control of the Medfly and is as effective as malathion bait spraying treatment without leaving pesticide residues on fruit.Se probó en dos huertos de cítricos, en el norte de Túnez en 2006 y 2007, la técnica del trampeo masivo utilizando el atrayente de hembras Tri-Pack® contra la mosca mediterránea de la fruta, Ceratitis capitata como alternativa a los tratamientos cebo con malatión, que constituye la forma convencional de control utilizada por los agricultores y que se utilizó como tratamiento control. En 2006 y 2007, en los ensayos de trampeo masivo las capturas de machos adultos del insecto se redujeron respecto el control, respectivamente, un 37,62% y un 40,2% en la variedad de mandarina (Citrus reticulata) en comparación con un 36,48% y un 47,29% en la variedad de naranja Washington navel (Citrus sinensis). Al evaluar los daños en los frutos se observaron diferencias significativas entre el trampeo masivo con Tripack® y los tratamientos cebo con malatión con una reducción de las picaduras en los frutos El porcentaje de frutos con picaduras en el momento de la cosecha fue significativamente diferente en las parcelas control y tratada en el huerto de mandarina tanto en 2006 como en 2007. Sin embargo, en el huerto de naranja Washington navel, el porcentaje de frutos con picaduras recolectados fue significativamente diferente entre el tratado y el control sólo en 2006. Por tanto, los resultados obtenidos en este estudio muestran que la técnica de trampeo masivo utilizando el atrayente de hembras Tri-Pack® podría ser una estrategia adecuada para el control de la mosca mediterránea de la fruta y es tan efectiva como el tratamiento cebo con malatión, pero sin dejar residuos de plaguicidas en la fruta

Field evaluatin of Mediterranean fruit fly mass trapping with Tripack as alternative to malathion bait-spraying in citrus orchards

The mass trapping technique based on the use of the female-targeted attractant lure Tri-pack® as an alternative to malathion bait-spraying (control treatment) was tested in two citrus orchards in the North of Tunisia against the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata during 2006 and 2007. Results of mass trapping trials in 2006 and 2007 indicated that adult males Medfly captures showed reductions respect to control of 37.62% and 40.2% respectively in mandarin orange variety (Citrus reticulata) orchard compared to 36.48% and 47.29% in Washington navel orange variety (Citrus sinensis) field. Fruit damage assessment showed significant differences between the mass trapping with Tripack® and malathion bait-spraying techniques in the reduction of the percentage of fruit punctures. The percentage of punctured fruit at harvest was significantly different between the treated and the control field in 2006 and in 2007 in the mandarin orange orchard. Nevertheless, in the Washington navel orange orchard, the percentage of punctured fruit at harvest was significantly different between the treated and the control field only in 2006. Thus, results obtained from this study showed that the mass trapping technique based on the use of the female-targeted lure Tri-pack® could be involved as an appropriate strategy for the control of the Medfly and is as effective as malathion bait spraying treatment without leaving pesticide residues on fruit.Se probó en dos huertos de cítricos, en el norte de Túnez en 2006 y 2007, la técnica del trampeo masivo utilizando el atrayente de hembras Tri-Pack® contra la mosca mediterránea de la fruta, Ceratitis capitata, como alternativa a los tratamientos cebo con malatión, que constituye la forma convencional de control utilizada por los agricultores y que se utilizó como tratamiento control. En 2006 y 2007, en los ensayos de trampeo masivo, las capturas de machos adultos del insecto se redujeron respecto el control, respectivamente, un 37,62% y un 40,2% en la variedad de mandarina (Citrus reticulata) en comparación con un 36,48% y un 47,29% en la variedad de naranja Washington navel (Citrus sinensis). Al evaluar los daños en los frutos se observaron diferencias significativas entre el trampeo masivo con Tripack ® y los tratamientos cebo con malatión con una reducción de las picaduras en los frutos El porcentaje de frutos con picaduras en el momento de la cosecha fue significativamente diferente en las parcelas control y tratada en el huerto de mandarina tanto en 2006 como en 2007. Sin embargo, en el huerto de naranja Washington navel, el porcentaje de frutos con picaduras recolectados fue significativamente diferente entre el tratado y el control sólo en 2006. Por tanto, los resultados obtenidos en este estudio muestran que la técnica de trampeo masivo utilizando el atrayente de hembras Tri-Pack® podría ser una estrategia adecuada para el control de la mosca mediterránea de la fruta y es tan efectiva como el tratamiento cebo con malatión, pero sin dejar residuos de plaguicidas en la fruta

Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Activity of Crithmum maritimum L. Essential Oil against Stored-Product Beetle Tribolium castaneum

Several plant essential oils have been used against diverse insect pests since, unlike conventional pesticides, they pose almost no risk to humans and the environment. For this reason, the essential oil (EO) isolated from the fresh leaves of Crithmum maritimum L. and its fractions (F1 -F5 ) obtained by chromatographic simplification were investigated for their chemical profile, as well as for their toxicity and repellency effects against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) adults. The analysis by GC/MS allowed the identification of 92.8-99.1 % of the compositions of the total oil (EO) and of its fractions (F1 -F5 ). The EO and its fractions F3 -F5 were characterized by the presence of a high amount of phenylpropanoids (94.4, 94.8, 93.6, and 88.7 %, respectively): in all the samples, dill apiole was the most abundant component (EO: 94.1 %, F3 : 94.6 %, F4 : 93.4 %, and F5 : 83.3 %). In addition, the repellency assay results showed that the volatile fraction F5 and the complete EO exhibited a higher repellency towards T. castaneum (97 % and 93 %, respectively) after 2 h of exposure at the dose of 0.04 μL/cm2 . The median lethal dose of the topical application of the EO was 9 %. Furthermore, the fraction F1 possessed interesting contact toxicity against T. castaneum (80 % of mortality) at the concentration of 10 %. These results suggested that the essential oil of C. maritimum leaves might be used as an alternative to synthetic insecticides in order to prevent insects from damaging the stored products