Connected Hub Sets and Connected Hub Polynomials of the Lollipop Graph L_(p,1)

Let  be a graph with vertex set . The number of vertices in  is the order of  and is denoted by . The connected hub polynomial of Gdenoted by  is defined as  where  denotes the number of connected hub sets of  of cardinality and denotes the connected hub number of .Let  denotes the Lollipop graph with  vertices. The connected hub polynomial of  denoted by  is defined as,where denotes the number of connected hub sets of  of cardinality , and denotes the connected hub number of .In this paper, we derive a recursive formula for . From this recursive formula, we construct the connected hub polynomial of  as,Also we study some properties of this polynomia

Surveillance of Pseudomonas in COPD patients in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Chronic pulmonary disease is increasing day by day due to lifestyle of general population. Smoking and air pollution are important factors. The present study was carried out to know the bacteriological profile of such cases.Methods: A total of 64 patients suffering with COPD were included in this study. Purulent sputum was collected from all the patients and subjected to routine bacteriological study. Culture positive were identified by routine bacteriological methods and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, MIC were determined following CLSI guidelines.Results: Out of 64 samples, 51 showed culture positive. Among aerobic bacteria, Pseudomonas was found to be predominant (54.05%) which was immediately followed by Klebsiella (45.94%). Amikacin was found to be effective (90%), followed by imipenim (85%) and trimethoprim (85%). The ureidopenicillin, piperacillin showed 70% sensitivity. All the strains were resistant to ampicillin and co-trimoxazole (100%).  Conclusion: Antipseudomonal agents, imipenim and piperacillin were effective though slight resistance was noted. Therefore continuous monitoring of antipseudomonal agents is necessary to combat the development of resistance. Health education regarding smoking and air pollution needs to be strongly implemented.

Marine ornamental fishes and their breeding: CMFRI initiatives

The marine ornamental fish trade is a sunrise industry in aquaculture and has become a growing industry worldwide. As a result the trade of marine ornamentals has been expanding in recent years and has grown into a multimillion dollar enterprise mainly due to the emergence of modern aquarium gadgets and technologies for setting and maintenance of miniature reef aquaria. Since the marine ornamental trade is operated throughout the tropics, the global marine ornamental trade is estimated at US$ 200- 330 million. Since India is endowed with a vast resource potential of marine ornamentals distributed in the coral seas and rocky coasts with patchy coral formations and the increasing the demand in the domestic trade, it appears very much lucrative for India to venture into this industry