Load shifting and peak clipping for reducing energy consumption in an indian university campus

This paper analyzes the intelligent use of time-varying electrical load via developing efficient energy utilization patterns using demand-side management (DSM) strategies. This approach helps distribution utilities decrease maximum demand and electrical energy billing costs. A case study of DSM implementation of electric energy utility for an educational building Alagappa Chettiar Government College of Engineering and Technology (ACGCET) campus was simulated. The new optimum energy load model was established for peak and off-peak periods from the system's existing load profile using peak clipping and load shifting DSM techniques. The result reflects a significant reduction in maximum demand from 189 kW to 170 kW and a reduction in annual electricity billing cost from $11,340 to$10,200 (approximately 10%) in the upgraded system. This work highlights the importance of time of day (TOD) tariff structure consumers that aid reduction in their distribution system's maximum demand and demand charges. Copyright

Molecular Identification of Microbes: I. Macrophomina Phaseolina

This chapter will help us in the isolation of Macrophomina phaseolina from soil and infected plants and examination of morphological and physiological features for identification by using microscopic and cultural characters. In the later part, we will learn recent research findings to identify this fungus using PCR-based molecular techniques

Precipitation of sodium silicofluoride (Na2SiF6) and cryolite (Na3AlF6) from HF/HCl leach liquors of alumino-silicates

The HF + HCl leach liquor generated from the dissolution of silica, alumina and silicate gangue minerals in a low-grade molybdenite concentrate contains H2SiF6 and H3AlF6. Studies were conducted to recover the two valuable fluorides as Na2SiF6 and Na3AlF6 (synthetic cryolite) by precipitation with Na2CO3 from the leach liquor. An initial investigation was carried out to determine the precipitation conditions for Na2SiF6 and Na3AlF6 from their individual acid solutions. Subsequently, the conditions were determined for the selective precipitation of the two fluorides from a synthetic mixed acid solution similar to the leach liquor. When the acid solution was neutralized with 3 mol/L Na2CO3, Na2SiF6 precipitated first at pH 1.35 whilst Na3AlF6 required an increase in pH above 2.2 before it precipitated. Maximum recovery of the two fluorides was best achieved at about 50 °C. A similar trend was observed for the precipitation of Na2SiF6 and Na3AlF6 from the leach liquor of molybdenite upgrading. Phases of precipitated fluorides were identified by XRD and surface morphology by SEM. The purity of the Na2SiF6 precipitate was 99.5% whereas Na3AlF6 was contaminated with Na3FeF6

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A RP-HPLC METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF TELMISARTAN IN HUMAN PLASMA

Objective: The present study was aimed to develop a rapid, specific and sensitive method based on high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the determination of telmisartan using indapamide as an internal standard.Methods: The utilization of single step protein precipitation method using methanol as a precipitating agent becomes suitable for analysis of a large number of samples. The developed method was validated as per US-FDA guidelines for telmisartan in human plasma.Result: An isocratic separation was achieved using Hibar C18 (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column using 10 mmol ammonium formate solution (pH 4.0)–methanol (70:30, v/v) as the mobile phase. Detection was carried out at 275 nm. The method was validated over the range of 0.1–1.5 µg/ml in human plasma with a regression analysis of 0.996. The percentage recovery of the present method was found to be 94.0–99.2 %.Conclusion: The developed analytical method was found to be rapid, single step, plasma preparation coupled with the simple high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with UV detection (HPLC–UV) isocratic chromatographic apparatus makes the method cost-effective and suitable for analysis of a large number of samples

Constraining Proton Lifetime in SO(10) with Stabilized Doublet-Triplet Splitting

We present a class of realistic unified models based on supersymmetric SO(10) wherein issues related to natural doublet-triplet (DT) splitting are fully resolved. Using a minimal set of low dimensional Higgs fields which includes a single adjoint, we show that the Dimopoulos--Wilzcek mechanism for DT splitting can be made stable in the presence of all higher order operators without having pseudo-Goldstone bosons and flat directions. The \mu term of order TeV is found to be naturally induced. A Z_2-assisted anomalous U(1)_A gauge symmetry plays a crucial role in achieving these results. The threshold corrections to alpha_3(M_Z), somewhat surprisingly, are found to be controlled by only a few effective parameters. This leads to a very predictive scenario for proton decay. As a novel feature, we find an interesting correlation between the d=6 (p\to e^+\pi^0) and d=5 (p\to \nu-bar K+) decay amplitudes which allows us to derive a constrained upper limit on the inverse rate of the e^+\pi^0 mode. Our results show that both modes should be observed with an improvement in the current sensitivity by about a factor of five to ten.Comment: 21 pages LaTeX, 2 figures, Few explanatory sentences and three new references added, minor typos corrected

Effective Lagrangian Approach to the Fermion Mass Problem

An effective theory is proposed, combining the standard gauge group $SU(3)_{C}\otimes SU(2)_{L}\otimes U(1)_{Y}$ with a horizontal discrete symmetry. By assigning appropriate charges under this discrete symmetry to the various fermion fields and to (at least) two Higgs doublets, the broad spread of the fermion mass and mixing angle spectrum can be explained as a result of suppressed, non-renormalisable terms. A particular model is constructed which achieves the above while simultaneously suppressing neutral Higgs-induced flavour-changing processes.Comment: 21 pages, UM-P-93/81, latex file, 1 figure available on reques

Perceived Occupational Stressors and the Health Software Professionals in Bengaluru, India

There is limited research on occupational stress and its relation to health from developing countries such as India. This study was done to evaluate work conditions of professionals in two highly productive sectors: the information technology (IT) sector, also known as software development, and Information Technology Enabled Services (ITES), also known as call centers. The study employed thirty-two in-depth interviews. The results indicate the presence of nine stress domains: job control, autonomy, time pressure, length of experience in industry, night shifts, income, appreciation of work, physical environment, work-environment and affective or emotional factors. Global drivers of demand, and local supply of a skilled workforce and the work force regulatory environment in India determine the work culture in Indian IT companies. Apart from affecting health of the professionals, these determinants influence workforce policies, priorities, goals and management practices

Product Groups, Discrete Symmetries, and Grand Unification

We study grand unified theories based on an SU(5)xSU(5) gauge group in which the GUT scale, M_{GUT}, is the VEV of an exact or approximate modulus, and in which fast proton decay is avoided through a combination of a large triplet mass and small triplet couplings. These features are achieved by discrete symmetries. In many of our models, M_{GUT} is generated naturally by the balance of higher dimension terms that lift the GUT modulus potential, and soft supersymmetry breaking masses. The theories often lead to interesting patterns of quark and lepton masses. We also discuss some distinctions between grand unified theories and string unification.Comment: 23 pages; no figures; revtex

Development and validation of new analytical method for the simultaneous estimation of ibuprofen and diphenhydramine in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form by RP-HPLC

A simple, accurate, rapid and precise method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of Ibuprofen and Diphenhydramine in Pharmaceutical dosage form. Chromatogram was run through Inertsil ODS (250x4.6mm) 5µ. Mobile phase used was Acetonitrile and Phosphate buffer (45:55) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and detection wavelength was found to be 260 nm. The retention time was found to be 2.32 min and 2.93 min for Ibuprofen and Diphenhydramine respectively. The accuracy and reliability of the method was assessed by evaluation of linearity, precision (intra-day and inter-day % RSD >2), accuracy (98-102%), specificity, LOD, LOQ values in accordance with ICH guidelines. The developed method is applicable for routine quality control analysis of selected combined dosage forms